Environmental Sciences and Health

Department Overview

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health at Salahaddin University-Erbil has a distinct history that dates back to its establishment in 2007 as part of the College of Science at the University of Salahaddin. The department becomes an essential department of Salahaddin University-Erbil. The department has undergone numerous structural changes over the years Since 2011 Ph.D. and M.Sc. programs in various Environment and Health disciplines and a comprehensive four-year Bachelor of Science program.

This department is an interdisciplinary field that explores the intricate relationship between the environment and human health. It integrates knowledge from multiple scientific and applied disciplines to assess, manage, and mitigate environmental risks that impact ecosystems and public well-being. By examining how environmental factors influence human health and how human activities affect the environment, this field aims to develop sustainable solutions for pollution control, health protection, resource management, and environmental conservation.

The core areas of study include:

  • Air Pollution

    Air pollution arises from industrial activities, transportation, and natural sources, releasing harmful substances such as particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants contribute to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, acid rain, and climate change. Studying air pollution helps in developing air quality management strategies, emission control measures, and sustainable energy solutions to minimize its environmental and health impacts.

  • Soil Pollution

    Soil contamination occurs due to the accumulation of hazardous chemicals, industrial waste, pesticides, and heavy metals. Polluted soil affects plant growth, microbial ecosystems, and agricultural productivity, leading to toxins entering the food chain. Research in soil pollution focuses on understanding the effects of contaminants, promoting soil conservation, and developing remediation techniques to restore soil quality and ensure sustainable land use.

  • Water Pollution

    Water pollution results from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, plastic waste, and untreated sewage entering freshwater and marine ecosystems. Contaminated water threatens aquatic biodiversity, disrupts ecosystems, and causes waterborne diseases in humans. This field examines water quality monitoring, pollution prevention, and wastewater treatment strategies to ensure safe drinking water and the sustainability of aquatic habitats.

  • Limnology

    Limnology is the study of freshwater ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and wetlands. It focuses on their physical, chemical, and biological properties, assessing how pollution, climate change, and human activities alter aquatic environments. Research in limnology is crucial for preserving water quality, maintaining biodiversity, and ensuring sustainable freshwater resource management.

  • HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment)

    HSE focuses on risk assessment, environmental protection, and occupational health in industrial and workplace settings. It addresses hazards such as chemical exposure, air and water pollution, and improper waste disposal. This field plays a key role in ensuring that industries comply with environmental regulations, minimizing pollution, and protecting both workers and surrounding ecosystems.

  • Environmental Health

    Environmental health studies how environmental factors—such as air, water, and soil pollution—impact human well-being. It examines health risks associated with exposure to toxins, climate change, and infectious diseases. This field contributes to developing public health policies, improving sanitation, and implementing pollution control measures to protect communities from environmental hazards.

  • Biology

    Biology is essential in understanding the impact of environmental changes on living organisms. It examines biodiversity loss, habitat destruction, and how pollutants affect wildlife, plants, and microorganisms. Biological research provides insights into ecosystem stability, conservation efforts, and the prevention of environmentally linked diseases.

  • Chemistry

    Environmental chemistry studies the composition, transformation, and movement of chemicals in air, water, and soil. It helps analyze the effects of pollutants, develop eco-friendly alternatives, and design pollution remediation techniques. Understanding chemical interactions is crucial for environmental monitoring and sustainability efforts.

  • Physics

    Physics contributes to environmental studies by explaining processes such as energy transfer, atmospheric changes, radiation exposure, and climate systems. It plays a role in studying air pollution dispersion, global warming effects, and noise and radiation pollution, helping in the development of cleaner technologies and sustainable energy solutions.

  • Public Health

    Public health examines how environmental factors affect population health. It focuses on disease prevention, air and water quality regulations, and reducing environmental exposure to harmful substances. Research in this field informs policies on clean energy, urban planning, and climate resilience strategies to improve health outcomes.

  • Environmental Awareness

    Raising awareness about environmental issues is essential for promoting sustainable behaviors and responsible resource management. Education and public outreach programs help individuals, businesses, and governments understand the impact of pollution, climate change, and conservation efforts, encouraging active participation in environmental protection.

  • Quality Control

    Quality control ensures compliance with environmental standards in industries, agriculture, and public health sectors. It involves monitoring air, water, and soil pollution levels, enforcing environmental laws, and implementing best practices to reduce ecological damage. Effective quality control measures contribute to sustainable industrial operations and environmental protection.

  • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

    EIA is a critical process that evaluates the potential environmental effects of development projects, such as infrastructure construction, industrial expansion, and resource extraction. It assesses risks to ecosystems, biodiversity, and public health before project implementation. EIA helps integrate sustainability into decision-making, preventing irreversible environmental degradation.

  • Industrial Hygiene

    Industrial hygiene focuses on identifying and controlling environmental hazards in workplaces that may pose health risks to workers and surrounding communities. This includes exposure to toxic chemicals, air pollutants, noise pollution, and radiation. Industrial hygiene plays a crucial role in reducing occupational health risks and ensuring safe and sustainable industrial operations.

  • GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote Sensing

    GIS and remote sensing are powerful tools for environmental monitoring, resource management, and disaster response. GIS allows for the mapping and analysis of environmental data, such as land use changes, deforestation, and pollution hotspots. Remote sensing uses satellite imagery to track climate change, monitor air and water quality, and assess ecosystem health. These technologies provide critical insights for environmental planning, conservation efforts, and sustainable development.

Head of department

Name: Dr. Lozan Salam Hussein

Title: Head of Environmental Sciences and Health Department

In 2005, I received a BSc in Biology from Salahaddin University-Erbil (SUE). Subsequently, I completed an MSc in Medical Parasitology in 2011 and PhD in Molecular Parasitology from SUE in 2024.

From 2011 to 2024, I served as a teaching staff member for various subjects, including Zoology, Biodiversity, Molecular Biology, and Environmental Biotechnology, at the College of Science. Additionally, I was a member of the College of Science examination committee during the 2013-2014 academic year. Since 2024, I have held the position of Head of the Environmental Sciences and Health Department. My research interests include molecular parasitology.

Mission

The mission of Environmental Science and Health is to advance knowledge, research and solutions that promote environmental sustainability and protect human health.

This includes:
  • Investigating environmental hazards and their impacts on ecosystems and human well-being.
  • Developing science-based strategies for pollution control, disease prevention and sustainable resource management.
  • Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address global environmental and health challenges.
  • Educating and empowering communities, policymakers and industries to adopt environmentally responsible practices.
Vision

To live in a world where human health and environmental sustainability coexist in harmony, supported by scientific innovation, informed policy, and community engagement. This vision includes:

  • A cleaner, healthier environment with reduced pollution and environmental degradation.
  • Equitable access to safe water, air, and food for all communities.
  • Resilient ecosystems that support biodiversity and human needs.
  • A global community that values and integrates environmental health into decision-making for a sustainable future.

This vision drives research, education, and policy-making to create a healthier planet for future generations.

Learning Outcomes

Graduates from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health will acquire the essential knowledge, skills and competencies needed to address environmental challenges and protect human health.

Key learning outcomes include:

  1. Basic knowledge in environmental and health sciences
  2. Scientific inquiry and research skills
  3. Critical thinking and problem solving
  4. Policy, management and leadership
  5. Communication and community engagement
  6. Technical and practical competence

These learning outcomes ensure that graduates from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health are well equipped to address environmental challenges, protect human health and contribute to sustainable development through research, policy and community engagement.

Partnership

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health collaborates with a variety of organizations, institutions, and industries to advance research, education, and policy development. These partnerships help address global environmental and health challenges by combining scientific knowledge, technological advances, and community engagement.

  1. Academic and research institutions
  2. Government agencies and public health organizations
  3. Nongovernmental organizations and community groups
  4. Private sector and industry collaborations
  5. International organizations and global networks
  6. Policymakers and legislative bodies

These partnerships enhance the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health’s ability to address environmental challenges, improve public health, and promote sustainable development through education, research, and policy implementation.

Degree Program Overview

The Department of Environment Sciences and Health provides undergraduate programs in biomedical sciences and general biology. These programs are intended to offer students a comprehensive biological and life sciences education, combining theoretical knowledge with extensive practical experience. Graduates can pursue advanced studies and meet the requirements of careers in academia, research, healthcare, biotechnology, and related fields.

General Biology Program

The general biology program provides in-depth knowledge of the fundamental principles of life sciences, with a special focus on molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological biology, zoology, botany, microbiology, genetics, ecology, physiology, and biochemistry are among the varied subjects that students explore. The curriculum prioritizes the integration of theory and practice through research projects, field studies, and laboratory work. This program provides students with the necessary skills for exploring an extensive range of career opportunities, such as positions in environmental agencies, research institutions, education, and quality control laboratories.

Key features of the General Biology program include:
  • Core Courses in Zoology, Botany, Microbiology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry.
  • Elective courses allow students to specialize in specific areas of interest, such as toxic plants and tissue culture techniques.
  • Research Project in the final year to develop scientific investigation and data analysis skills.

Biomedical Sciences Program

The Biomedical Sciences program highlights the adoption of biological principles into the fields of healthcare and medicine. It includes essential fields: molecular biology, microbiology, medical bacteriology, immunology, hematology, and clinical chemistry. This program provides students with the necessary skills and knowledge for future careers in medical laboratories, healthcare facilities, biotechnology firms, and research organizations. It also provides a strong basis for individuals pursuing clinical research, medicine, or advanced biomedical studies  careers.

Key features of the Biomedical Sciences program include:
  • Core courses in medical bacteriology, genetics, molecular biology, immunology, and clinical laboratory techniques.
  • Elective courses to explore specialized fields like histopathology, toxicology, and bioinformatics.
  • Practical training in advanced laboratory techniques, diagnostic procedures, and biosafety protocols.
  • Research Project in the final year to enhance analytical and problem-solving skills.
 

Program Structure

Both degree programs are four-year, full-time Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) programs structured according to the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). Each academic year is divided into two semesters, with students completing 30 ECTS credits per semester.

  • Years 1 and 2 focus on foundational courses in biology, chemistry, and essential skills (e.g., computer skills and academic writing).
  • Years 3 and 4 encompass electives, research projects, and specialized and advanced courses customized to each program.

Career Readiness and Development

The programs prioritize ethical practices in science, research skills, and practical experience. Students obtain advantages from:
  • Laboratory sessions that employ contemporary devices. • Opportunities for real-world experience through internships. • Academic advising and career services to facilitate employment or further education.
Graduates are well-prepared for careers in education, healthcare, research, environmental agencies, quality control laboratories, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical industries. The Department of Biology's commitment to academic excellence, innovation, and community engagement ensures that graduates are equipped to make meaningful contributions to scientific progress and societal well-being.

Postgraduate Studies

The Department of Environment Sciences and Health at Salahaddin University-Erbil offers robust postgraduate programs to advance knowledge, foster research innovation, and develop specialized expertise in biological sciences.

Program Offerings

  1. Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Biology

    2. The M.Sc. program is designed to provide students with advanced theoretical knowledge and practical research skills in various biological disciplines. The program emphasizes coursework and research to prepare students for academic, industrial, or governmental careers in biology.

    Focus Areas:
    • Molecular Biology
    • Microbiology
    • Physiology
    • Zoology
    • Botany
    • Specialized Subfields

    ECTS Distribution:

    The program is structured to include 120 ECTS over two academic years:

    • Coursework (60 ECTS): Advanced topics in biology tailored to the student's area of specialization.
    • Research Thesis (60 ECTS): An independent research project culminating in a thesis defense.

    Learning Outcomes:

    Graduates of the M.Sc. program will:

    1. Demonstrate advanced knowledge in their chosen field of biology.
    2. Design, conduct, and analyze biological research using appropriate methodologies.
    3. Communicate scientific findings effectively in written and oral formats.
    4. Apply critical thinking to address biological problems.
    5. Work independently and collaboratively in research settings.
  2. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biology

    3. The Ph.D. program focuses on original research contributions to the field of biology, aiming to develop experts capable of advancing biological sciences through innovative and impactful research.

    Specialization Areas:

    Students work closely with faculty mentors to focus on a specific research area within biology, such as genetics, ecology, or biochemistry.

    ECTS Distribution:

    The Ph.D. program requires 180 ECTS, typically completed over three to four years:

    • Advanced Coursework (30 ECTS): Topics tailored to support the research project.
    • Research and Dissertation (150 ECTS): Original research culminating in a dissertation and defense.
    Learning Outcomes:

    Graduates of the Ph.D. program will:

    1. Conduct independent, original research that contributes to the body of knowledge in biology.
    2. Demonstrate expertise in a specialized area of biology.
    3. Publish research findings in peer-reviewed journals.
    4. Exhibit advanced problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.
    5. Lead research projects and mentor junior researchers.
    Admission Requirements M.Sc. Program
    • Bachelor’s degree in biology or a closely related field.
    • Minimum academic performance by university regulations.
    • Proficiency in English (demonstrated through tests like IELTS or TOEFL).
    • Successful performance in the entrance exam and interview.
    Ph.D. Program
    • Master’s degree in biology or a related discipline.
    • Proven research experience, preferably with publications in scientific journals.
    • Submission of a detailed research proposal aligned with the department’s expertise.
    • Proficiency in English (demonstrated through tests like IELTS or TOEFL).
    • Successful performance in the entrance exam and interview.
    Research and Facilities

    The department has modern laboratories, research tools, and computational resources to support postgraduate students’ academic journeys. Collaborative opportunities with national and international institutions are also available, encouraging interdisciplinary research and innovation.

    The postgraduate programs are designed to empower students to become leaders in their respective fields, whether in academia, industry, or public service and contribute meaningfully to advancing biological sciences.

Program learning outcome

Graduates from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health at Salahaddin University-Erbil will achieve the following learning outcomes upon successful completion of the General Biology or Biomedical Science programs:

  1. Comprehensive Knowledge Demonstrate extensive understanding of core biological concepts, including molecular biology, genetics, physiology, microbiology, botany, and zoology. This includes knowledge of living organisms’ structure, function, and interactions at molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels.
  2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Apply critical thinking skills and scientific reasoning to design experiments, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings. Graduates will be capable of solving biological problems and contributing to new scientific discoveries.
  3. Laboratory and Technical Proficiency Establish competency in laboratory procedures, including using contemporary biological instruments and technologies. This includes techniques in microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, histology, and biochemistry, ensuring readiness for research and professional practice.
  4. Ethical and Professional Conduct Uphold ethical standards and integrity in scientific research, laboratory work, and professional activities. Graduates will understand biosafety and biosecurity principles and apply them responsibly.
  5. Effective Communication Effectively communicate scientific information, findings, and concepts to diverse audiences through verbal presentations, scientific writing, and visual data representation. This includes writing research reports and presenting findings in professional settings.
  6. Career Readiness Pursue careers in medical laboratories, research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, quality control centers, and educational settings. Graduates will be equipped to contribute to disease diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and public health promotion.
  7. Lifelong Learning and Adaptability Engage in lifelong learning to stay current with advances in biological sciences and emerging technologies. Graduates will demonstrate adaptability to new scientific methods and concepts, fostering continuous professional development.
  8. Research Skills Conduct independent research and contribute to scientific progress by formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing results. Graduates will be prepared to pursue advanced studies or research-focused careers.

By achieving these outcomes, graduates from the Department of Biology will be well-prepared to address biological and health-related challenges, advance scientific knowledge, and serve their communities effectively.

The General Environmental Sciences and Health and Biomedical Science programs of the Department of Biology provide extensive courses. Each course is constructed to provide students with practical skills and a comprehensive understanding of various biological disciplines. Following is an in-depth list of the courses that are available in both programs:

General Biology Program First Semester
  • SBG101 – Zoology I (9 ECTS) Study of animal classification, morphology, and physiology with lab practices.
  • SBG102 – Botany I (6 ECTS) Introduction to plant structure, growth, and function with practical sessions.
  • SBG103 – Organic Chemistry (6 ECTS) Fundamentals of organic molecules and reactions relevant to biological systems.
  • SU1001 – Computer Skills (3 ECTS) Basic computer applications and software tools for academic purposes.
  • SU1003 – Kurdish Studies (3 ECTS) Study of Kurdish history, culture, and language.
  • SU1004 – English for University Students (3 ECTS) Development of academic English skills.
Second Semester
  • SBG201 – Zoology II (6 ECTS) Continuation of animal classification and physiology with emphasis on diversity.
  • SBG202 – Botany II (6 ECTS) Advanced concepts in plant physiology and taxonomy.
  • SBG203 – Analytical Chemistry (6 ECTS) Techniques for analyzing biological samples and chemical compounds.
  • SBG204 – Biosafety and Biosecurity (3 ECTS) Safety practices in biological research and laboratory settings.
  • SU1002 – Academic Skills (6 ECTS) Academic writing, critical reading, and research skills.
  • SU1005 – English for Specific Purposes (3 ECTS) Discipline-specific English terminology and communication skills.
Third Semester
  • SBG301 – Microbiology I (Core) (6 ECTS) Introduction to microorganisms and their roles in health and environment.
  • SBG302 – Biochemistry I (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of biomolecules and metabolic pathways.
  • SBG303 – Cell Biology (Core) (6 ECTS) Structure and function of cells, organelles, and cellular processes.
  • SBG304 – Plant Anatomy (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of plant tissues and their organization.
  • SBG305 – Invertebrates or Venomous Invertebrates (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Exploration of invertebrate diversity and venomous species.
  • SBG306 – Algae or Phycology (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Study of algae types, ecology, and applications.
Fourth Semester
  • SBG401 – Microbiology II (Core) (6 ECTS) Advanced study of microorganisms and infectious diseases.
  • SBG402 – Biochemistry II (Core) (6 ECTS) Continuation of metabolic processes and biochemical analysis.
  • SBG403 – Parasitology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of parasites affecting humans and animals.
  • SBG404 – Plant Taxonomy (Core) (6 ECTS) Classification and identification of plant species.
  • SBG405 – Microtechniques or Tissue Culture Technique (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Laboratory methods for preparing and studying biological samples.
  • SBG406 – Archegoniate or Toxic Plants (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Study of higher plants or toxic plant species.
Fifth Semester
  • SBG501 – Histology (3 Units) Study of tissues and microscopic anatomy.
  • SBG502 – Entomology (3 Units) Study of insects, their classification, and ecological roles.
  • SBG503 – Animal Physiology I (3 Units) Functions of animal organ systems.
  • SBG504 – Ecology (3 Units) Interactions between organisms and their environment.
  • SBG505 – Virology (3 Units) Study of viruses and their impact on living organisms.
  • SBG506 – Epidemiology (Elective) (3 Units) Patterns and control of diseases in populations.
Sixth Semester
  • SBG601 – Embryology (3 Units) Development of embryos and early life stages.
  • SBG602 – Animal Physiology II (3 Units) Continuation of animal physiology, focusing on advanced topics.
  • SBG603 – Mycology (3 Units) Study of fungi, including taxonomy and pathology.
  • SBG604 – Molecular Biology (3 Units) Genetic mechanisms and molecular processes.
  • SBG605 – Microbial Physiology (3 Units) Study of microbial growth and metabolism.
  • SBG606 – Pollution (Elective) (3 Units) Environmental pollution and its biological impact.
Seventh Semester
  • SBG701 – Food Microbiology (3 Units) Microorganisms in food production and safety.
  • SBG702 – Medical Bacteriology I (3 Units) Pathogenic bacteria and disease mechanisms.
  • SBG703 – Hematology (3 Units) Study of blood cells and disorders.
  • SBG704 – Genetics (3 Units) Principles of inheritance and genetic variation.
  • SBG705 – Comparative Anatomy (3 Units) Comparative study of vertebrate anatomy.
  • SBG706 – Diagnostic Parasitology (Elective) (3 Units) Techniques for diagnosing parasitic infections.
  • SBG707 – Research Project (2 Units) Independent research under faculty supervision.
Eighth Semester
  • SBG801 – Plant Physiology (3 Units) Processes in plant growth and function.
  • SBG802 – Medical Bacteriology II (3 Units) Continuation of bacterial diseases and diagnostics.
  • SBG803 – Immunology (3 Units) The immune system and its functions.
  • SBG804 – Microbial Genetics (3 Units) Genetics of microorganisms and genetic engineering.
  • SBG805 – Industrial Microbiology (3 Units) Microbial applications in industry.
  • SBG806 – Bioinformatics (Elective) (3 Units) Analysis of biological data using computational tools.
  • SBG807 – Research Project (2 Units) Completion and presentation of research findings.
Biomedical Science Program The Biomedical Science program is designed to provide students with a deep understanding of the biological sciences related to human health and disease. The following is a detailed course catalog covering each semester of the program.   First Semester
  • SBM101 – Zoology I (9 ECTS) Introduction to animal biology, focusing on classification, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of invertebrates and vertebrates. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM102 – Botany I (6 ECTS) Fundamental concepts in plant biology, including morphology, physiology, and taxonomy. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM103 – Organic Chemistry (6 ECTS) Basics of organic compounds, including structure, reactions, and mechanisms relevant to biological systems. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SU1001 – Computer Skills (3 ECTS) Introduction to essential computer applications, data management, and scientific software. Hours/Week: 1 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SU1003 – Kurdish Studies (3 ECTS) An overview of Kurdish history, language, and culture. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
  • SU1004 – English for University Students (3 ECTS) Basic English language skills for academic purposes. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
Second Semester
  • SBM201 – Zoology II (6 ECTS) Advanced study of animal diversity, focusing on the physiology and development of various animal groups. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM202 – Botany II (6 ECTS) Continuation of Botany I, covering plant reproduction, growth, and ecological interactions. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM203 – Analytical Chemistry (6 ECTS) Principles of chemical analysis, including qualitative and quantitative techniques. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM204 – Biosafety and Biosecurity (3 ECTS) Fundamentals of laboratory safety, handling biological materials, and risk management. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
  • SU1002 – Academic Skills (6 ECTS) Development of research, writing, and presentation skills for academic success. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SU1005 – English for Specific Purposes (3 ECTS) Specialized English for scientific and biomedical contexts. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
Third Semester
  • SBM301 – Microbiology I (Core) (6 ECTS) Introduction to microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and their roles in health and disease. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM302 – Biochemistry I (Core) (6 ECTS) Structure and function of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM303 – Cell Biology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of cellular structure, function, and processes such as signaling and division. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM304 – Medical Protozoology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of medically significant protozoa, their life cycles, and pathogenicity. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM305 – Histology or Histopathology (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Histology – Study of normal tissues and their microscopic structure. Option 2: Histopathology – Study of tissue abnormalities and disease pathology. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM306 – Human Anatomy or Anatomy of Laboratory Animals (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Human Anatomy – Overview of human body systems and structures. Option 2: Anatomy of Laboratory Animals – Comparative anatomy relevant to research models. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
Fourth Semester
  • SBM401 – Microbiology II (Core) (6 ECTS) Advanced topics in microbial physiology, genetics, and host-pathogen interactions. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM402 – Biochemistry II (Core) (6 ECTS) Metabolic pathways, enzymology, and biochemical regulation mechanisms. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM403 – Genetics (Core) (6 ECTS) Principles of inheritance, gene expression, and genetic variation. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM404 – Medical Helminthology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of parasitic worms, their life cycles, and diseases they cause. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM405 – Human Embryology or Developmental Biology (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Human Embryology – Study of human development from fertilization to birth. Option 2: Developmental Biology – Mechanisms of growth and differentiation in organisms. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM406 – Medical Physics or Biophysics (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Medical Physics – Physical principles applied to medical diagnostics and treatment. Option 2: Biophysics – Study of biological processes using physical methods. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
Fifth Semester
  1. SBM501 – Molecular Biology I Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical This course covers the fundamental principles of molecular biology, including DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Laboratory sessions focus on techniques such as DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis.
  2. SBM502 – Hematology I Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to blood cell physiology, hematopoiesis, and the morphology of blood components. Practical work includes blood smear preparation, staining, and analysis of normal and abnormal cells.
  3. SBM503 – Basics Immunology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical This course covers the immune system's components and functions, including innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antibodies, and immune responses. Laboratory activities include serological tests and immunological assays.
  4. SBM504 – Medical Mycology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of medically significant fungi, including their identification, pathogenicity, and treatment. Practical work involves culturing and identifying fungal species associated with human disease.
  5. SBM505 – Basics Physiology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to human physiological processes, including homeostasis, nervous, and major organ systems. Laboratory exercises focus on measuring physiological parameters.
  6. SBM506 – Pharmacology (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 3 Theory Covers the principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, drug classifications, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses.
Sixth Semester
  1. SBM601 – Molecular Biology II Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Advanced molecular biology topics include gene expression regulation, epigenetics, and recombinant DNA technology. Practical sessions involve cloning and gene expression analysis.
  2. SBM602 – Hematology II Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Continuation of Hematology I, covering hematological disorders, anemia, leukemias, and coagulation pathways. Practical work includes diagnostic techniques for blood disorders.
  3. SBM603 – Medical Immunology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Focus on immune system dysfunctions, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, and immunotherapy. Laboratory sessions involve advanced immunological assays.
  4. SBM604 – Medical Virology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of viruses affecting humans, including their structure, replication, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis. Practical work includes virus culture techniques and diagnostic assays.
  5. SBM605 – Medical Physiology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical In-depth study of human organ systems, focusing on disease-related physiological changes. Laboratory work includes physiological measurements and functional assessments.
  6. SBM606 – Microtechnique (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to tissue preparation techniques, including fixation, embedding, sectioning, and staining. Practical sessions involve histological slide preparation and microscopic analysis.
Seventh Semester
  1. SBM701 – Medical Bacteriology I Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of pathogenic bacteria, their identification, and clinical significance. Laboratory work includes culturing, staining, and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
  2. SBM702 – Biotechnology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Covers the applications of biotechnology in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Practical sessions focus on DNA cloning, genetic engineering, and biotechnological techniques.
  3. SBM703 – Clinical Chemistry Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Principles and methods for analyzing body fluids for diagnostic purposes. Laboratory work includes assays for glucose, cholesterol, liver enzymes, and electrolytes.
  4. SBM704 – Instrumental Analysis Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of analytical instruments used in biomedical laboratories, such as spectrophotometers, chromatographs, and electrophoresis units. Practical sessions focus on instrument operation and data interpretation.
  5. SBM705 – Toxicology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to the principles of toxicology, including mechanisms of toxicity, poison detection, and treatment. Laboratory work includes toxin analysis in biological samples.
  6. SBM706 – Bioinformatics (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 3 Theory Covers computational tools for analyzing biological data, such as DNA sequences and protein structures. Practical sessions involve using bioinformatics software for sequence analysis.
  7. SBM707 – Research Project Units: 2 | Hours/Week: 1 Theory, 2 Practical Students undertake an independent research project, including experimental design, data collection, analysis, and presentation of results.
Eighth Semester
  1. SBM801 – Medical Bacteriology II Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Advanced study of bacterial infections, their clinical manifestations, and diagnostic techniques. Practical work focuses on identifying clinical isolates.
  2. SBM802 – Endocrinology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of the endocrine system, hormone functions, and disorders. Laboratory sessions include hormone assays and diagnostic techniques.
  3. SBM803 – Clinical Laboratory Techniques Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Covers essential diagnostic techniques in clinical laboratories, including hematological, biochemical, and microbiological assays.
  4. SBM804 – Cytogenetics Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of chromosome structure, function, and abnormalities. Practical work includes karyotyping and chromosome analysis techniques.
  5. SBM805 – Epidemiology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 3 Theory Introduction to disease distribution, determinants, and prevention strategies. Focus on public health practices and data interpretation.
  6. SBM806 – Food Microbiology (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of microorganisms in food, food spoilage, and safety. Laboratory work includes food sample analysis and contamination detection.
  7. SBM807 – Research Project Units: 2 | Hours/Week: 2 Practical Continuation and completion of the independent research project, culminating in a written thesis and oral presentation.

Admissions

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health offers two types of study options for prospective students, ensuring accessibility and flexibility based on individual circumstances:

 
  1. Zankoline (government-funded) Study
  • Description: This option provides free tuition for students who meet the eligibility criteria and are accepted through the general centralized admission system, known as "Zancoline."
  • Eligibility:
    • Applicants must meet the academic requirements of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
    • Selection is competitive and based on high school scores, particularly in scientific subjects.
  • Benefits:
    • Exemption from tuition fees.
    • Access to complete university services and facilities.
  1. Parallel Study (Self-Funded)
  • Description: This option allows students who do not secure a Zankoline seat to pursue their studies by paying a tuition fee.
  • Tuition Fee: 3,000,000 IQD per year.
  • Eligibility:
    • Students must meet the minimum academic requirements for admission to the Biology program.
    • This option provides additional opportunities for students to catch up on the Zankoline criteria.
  • Benefits:
    • Access to the same high-quality education, resources, and facilities as Zancoline students.
    • Students can pursue their academic goals without being limited by centralized admission quotas.
 

Admission Requirements for Both Tracks

  1. Academic Qualifications:
    • Completion of high school with a focus on the science track (biology, chemistry, and physics).
    • Minimum GPA as determined by the Ministry of Higher Education.
  2. Application Process:
    • Apply through the centralized admission system for Zankoline
    • Submit required documents, including transcripts, identification, and certificates.
  3. Language Proficiency:
    • Basic proficiency in English, as several courses are delivered in English.
    • Kurdish language proficiency is also beneficial.
Description...

Graduate Employability

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health is committed to equipping graduates at all levels, “Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate,” with the knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary to thrive in diverse career paths. Our graduates are well-prepared for opportunities in academia, industry, government, and beyond, with a focus on contributing to scientific advancement and societal development.

  1. Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Biology

    2. Graduates of the B.Sc. program possess foundational knowledge and practical skills that open doors to a variety of career opportunities:

    Career Paths:
    1. Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories: Assisting in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and health promotion.
    2. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies: Roles in research, quality control, and production.
    3. Environmental and Conservation Organizations: Contributing to biodiversity, ecological management, and sustainability projects.
    4. Quality Control and Food Safety: Ensuring compliance with safety standards in food production and industrial processes.
    5. Education: Teaching biology at secondary schools or training centers.
    6. Government and NGOs: Roles in health departments, environmental agencies, or research initiatives.
    Skills for Employability:
    • Laboratory competency with modern techniques and tools.
    • Analytical and problem-solving abilities for addressing biological challenges.
    • Effective communication for scientific and public engagement.
  2. Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Biology

    3. M.Sc. graduates are highly sought after for specialized roles requiring advanced expertise and research experience:

    Career Paths:
    1. Research Institutions: Conducting applied or fundamental research in biology.
    2. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries: Leading roles in research and development, drug discovery, and genetic engineering.
    3. Higher Education: Teaching at universities or supervising undergraduate research.
    4. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratories: Developing and applying advanced diagnostic tools and techniques.
    5. Environmental Agencies: Leading conservation projects or conducting environmental impact assessments.
    6. Science Communication: Working in scientific publishing, journalism, or outreach programs.
    Skills for Employability:
    • Advanced problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.
    • Proficiency in designing, conducting, and analyzing research.
    • Ability to lead projects and collaborate across disciplines.
  3. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biology

    4. Ph.D. graduates are distinguished by their expertise, critical thinking, and capacity for innovation. They are well-prepared to take on academia, research, and industry leadership roles.

    Career Paths:
    1. Academia: Professorships, research supervision, and curriculum development.
    2. Industry Leadership: Roles as senior scientists or directors in biotech, pharmaceutical, and biomedical companies.
    3. Government and Policy: Shaping health, environment, and education policies.
    4. Research Institutions: Leading cutting-edge research projects with significant societal impact.
    5. Global Organizations: Contributing to international health, conservation, or scientific initiatives (e.g., WHO, UNESCO).
    6. Entrepreneurship: Founding biotech startups or consulting firms.
    Skills for Employability:
    • Mastery of specialized research techniques and methodologies.
    • Ability to publish high-impact scientific findings.
    • Leadership in interdisciplinary and collaborative projects.
    • Strategic thinking for problem-solving at organizational and societal levels.
Research Papers:
  • Abdul, K.S. and Qader, H.R., (2021). Alleviating of Lead toxicity by Salicylic acid in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(s1).
  • Abdullah, R. M., Othman, M. A., & Abdullah, S. M. (2022). Treatment of oil well drill cuttings utilizing different binder options. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 10(3), 140-146.
  • Ahmed, R. S., Jalal, S. Y., Ismael, H. M., & Shekha, Y. A. (2023). Chemical and Biological properties of compost produced from house solid waste. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 35(3), 153-158.
  • AL-alem, L. S., Khudhur, N.S. and Abdullah, S.M. (2013). Detection of Copper and Cadmium Concentrations in Some Local Fishes from Greater Zab River-Iraq. Koya University J., 26: 75-84.
  • AL-alem, L. S., Khudhur, N.S. and Abdullah, S.M. (2016). A Study on the Bioaccumulation of Lead and Zinc in Tissues of some Fresh Water Fish Species in Greater Zab River-Iraq. Raparin University J., 3(7): 49-62.
  • Al-Barzingy, Y.O; Goran, S A. and Toma, J.J. (2009).  An ecological study on water to some thermal springs in koya-erbil province, Iraq. Journal of Education and Science 22 (3), 36-48.
  • Al-Barzingy, Y.O; Toma, J.J and Shekha, Y.A. (2016). Algal Survey in Wastewater Channel of Erbil City, Iraq.Diyala Journal for Pure Science.12(4): 39-57.
  • Ali, L.A; Shekha, Y.A; and Toma, J.J. (2009). Determinants of the microbiological characteristics of Erbil city public swimming pools.J. of Duhok University 12 (1): 12-26.
  • Al-Naqshbandi, L.A; Toma, J. J; and Maulood B.K. (2008). A study on water quality in Makhmur area, Kurdistan, Iraq.ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (ZJPAS) 20 (2): 34-47.
  • Al-Shahri, Y.M; Maulood, B.K and Toma, J.J. (2016). A study on a sulfur spring (Ain Al kibrit) ecosystem along Tigris River Mosul, Iraq. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 7 (6):43-59.
  • Amin, J. K. M., Jalal, S. S., & Jarjees, F. Z. (2017). The Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Particles and Dust Fall Rate in Erbil Governorate. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 29, 38-48.
  • Amin, J.K.M., Jalal, S.S. and Jarjees, F.Z., (2017). The Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Particles and Dust Fall Rate in Erbil Governorate. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 29, pp.38-48.
  • Aweez, S.J., Darwesh, D.A. and Jarjees, F.Z., (2020). Evaluate the Quality of Some Imported Composts in Erbil Governorate. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32(5), pp.210-217.
  • Aziz, F.H.; Darogha, S.N. and Shekha, Y.A. (2001). Ecological and microbiological studies of Arbil city,s sewerage. Journal of Central Berayeti. Vol.18.
  • Aziz, F.H.; Ganjo, D.A. Shekha, Y.A. (2004). Observations on the limnology of polluted pond in Arbil ciy, Iraq. Zanco J. Vol.16(1).
  • Aziz, F.H.; Ganjo, D.A. Shekha, Y.A. (2006). An attempt for reuse of the wastewater of Erbil city for irrigation purposes. Vol.18(2).
  • Bahram Kh. M. and Toma, J. (2004). Check List of Algae in Iraq. Journal of Babylon University.9(3):1-98.
  • Bapeer, U.H; Al-Naqshbandi, L.A; Toma, J.J and Ismail, H.A. (2006). Study some physico-chemical and bacteriological variables of both drinking water purification projects (Ifraz and Ainkawa) in Erbil, Iraq Zanco, Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences/Salahaddin University 18 (3), 19-21.
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (1999). One- line flow injection chemiluminescence system for determination of nitrate in soil. Zanco journal 11(2).
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2000). Effect of nitrogen source and supplementary irrigation on ammonia volatilization, yield and protein content of wheat in different textured soil. Zanco j 12(1), university of salahaddin.
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2002). Effect of animal slurry on ammonia volatilization from urea. J.of Dohuk university.5(2).
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2004). Effect of mycorrhiza, phosphorus and urea on ammonia volatilization and soybean growth. J.of Dohuk.Un 7(2).
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2004). Effect of some pesticides on denitrification in different textured soils. Zanco.J16(3).
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2004). Effect of two different soil in texture, moisture and temperature on denitrification. Zanco J.16(1).
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2007). Role of supplemental irrigation and fertilizers treatments on nutrient balance in wheat by using modified DRIS. J.Dohuk Univ10(1).
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2008). Effect of supplemental irrigation and fertilizers treatments on yield component of wheat. Iraqi.Jof.Agricultural Science, 36(1).
  • Dalshad, D. A., Pakhshan, M. M., & Shireen, A. A. (2013). Effect of phosphorus fertilizers on growth and physiological phosphorus use efficiency of three soy bean cultivars. Journal of Verterinary and Agricultural Science, 3(6), 32.
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2010). Effect of iron chelate fertilizers on yield component and nutrient balance index of wheat Triticum aestivuml. Published in Zanko journal University of Salahaddin, 25(5).
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2010). Influence of Consumed Tea Residues and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Phosphorus Availability and Growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). Journal of Environmental Studies, 4(1), 9-13.
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2011). Effect of soil and foliar application of iron chelate on nutrient balance in lentil (Lens esculenta L.) by using modified DRIS equation. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 39(3), 39-0.
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2012).  Assessement of Nitrification in Different Soil Texture Affected by Various Concentration of Pesticides. 8th International Soil Science Congress 15-17 May 2012 Land Degradation and Challenges in Soil Management”
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2012). Effect of Some Solid Wastes On Hydraulic Conductivity in Sandy Laom Soil.  Euro-Arab organization for environment, water and desert conference turkey –Antalya Dec .14-28/2012.
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2015). Assessment of Nitrification and Ammonia Volatilization in Different Soils Texture Irrigated by Waste Water. Int. J. Sci. Res., 4, 945-948.
  • Darwesh, D. A. (2016). Combination Effects of Different Levels of Compost and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and Phosphorus Requirement by Wheat. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scietific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil ZJPAS, 28 (5); 111-125.
  • Darwesh, D. A., & Ahmed, S. M. (2020). Evaluation the Nutritional Status of Imported Tea Brands in Erbil City. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32(3), 187-192.
  • Darwesh, D. A., & Ibrahim, A. F (2017). Assessment the Impact of Oil Refinery Residues on Soil Enzymatic Activity. Proceeding of the 4th international scientific conference of Cihan university Erbil biological science. 26-27/2017.
  • Darwesh, D. A., & Mustafa, K. K. (2012). Influence of fungicides and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and nutrient balance of soybean by used DRIS equation. Agricultural Sciences, 3(05), 738.
  • Darwesh, D. A; Shekha, Y. A and Toma, J.J. (2017). Application the DRIS equation to assess the nutrient status of Dukan and Duhok lakes in Northern of Iraq. Diyala Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(Special Issue): 31-39.
  • Esmail, A.U.; Maulood, P.M. and Shekha, Y.A. (2007). Evaluate Kasnazan impoundment water for irrigation purposes. J. of Education and Science – Mosul University. Vol.18(2).
  • Ganjo, D. A. and Toma, J. (2004). Daily variations in chemical stratification and algal population throughout vertical profiles of Dokan lake. Kurdistan region, Iraq. I-Chemical stratification trends. National Journal of Chemistry.14:5-17.
  • Ganjo, D. A. and Toma, J. (2004). Daily variations in chemical stratification and algal population throughout vertical profiles of Dokan lake. Kurdistan region, Iraq. II. Algal population responses to chemical stratification. Journal of Babylon University.10(3):12-26.
  • Hama Saeed, M. A; Lak, M.H and Toma, J.J. (2010). Environmental and Biological study of Arab-Kand waste water channel in Erbil governorate Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science.15(3): 12-23.
  • Hama, R. H., & Darwesh, D. A. (2019). Heavy metals evaluation in soil of agricultural field around a pond of gas plant in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. J. Pure and Applied Sciences, 31, 81-83.
  • Hamed, M.H; Toma, J.J. Karimkhan, K and Hanna, A.M. (2024). Application of Geographical Information System –Water Quality Index Techniques for Evaluating the Groundwater Quality in Kaniqirzhala Landfill, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Iraqi Geological Journal 57 (2C), 296-315.
  • Hanna, N.S. and Shekha, Y., 2017. Assessment of water quality for Zar Gali stream, Bekhal (Maran) and Khalan rivers within Erbil, Iraq. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 29(1), pp.171-181.
  • Hanna, N.S. and Shekha, Y.A., 2015. Using aquatic insects in water quality assessment of some branches of Greater Zab River within Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied and Natural Sciences, 11, pp.18-22.
  • Hanna, N.S. and Shekha, Y.A., 2024. Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos on the freshwater bivalves (Unio Tigridis) and effects on bioindicators. Baghdad Science Journal, 21(1), pp.0053-0053.
  • Hanna, N.S. and Shekha, Y.A., 2024. Behavioral and Biochemical Variations in Unio tigridis After Exposure to Lead Nitrate. Iraqi Journal of Science, pp.1276-1285.
  • Hanna, N.S.,  Khudhur, SM & Shekha, YA . (2024). A laboratory Study: Effect of Cadmium Chloride on Biochemical Parameters and Histological Changes in Freshwater Mussel (Unio tigridis). Journal of Education and Science 33 (4), 88-98.
  • Hanna, N.S., Jarjes, F.Z. and Toma, J.J., (2018). Assessing Shekh Turab water resources for irrigation purposes by using water quality index. Zanko Journal, 30(5), pp.17-28.
  • Hanna, N.S., Khudhur, S.M. and Shekha, Y.A., 2024. A laboratory Study: Effect of Cadmium Chloride on Biochemical Parameters and Histological Changes in Freshwater Mussel (Unio tigridis). Journal of Education and Science, 33(4), pp. 88-98.
  • Hanna, N.S., Shekha, Y.A. and Ali, L.A.Q., 2019. Water quality assessment of Rawanduz River and Gali Ali Beg stream by applied CCME WQI with survey aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera). Iraqi Journal of Science, 60(12).
  • Hasan, N. S; Toma, J. J; Ismail, A. S and Shareef, S.A. (2024). Downregulation of Biofilm formation genes in some pathogenic bacteria by extracts from two algal genera. Baghdad Science Journal. Published Online First: December.
  • Hassan, F.M; Toma, J.J; Ismail, A.M; Al-Hassany, J.S; Hadi, R.A and Maulood, B.K. (2012). A contribution to algal flora in Baghdad area, Iraq. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 3 (2), 89-98.
  • Hassan, R. O., Othman Abdullah, F., Salahuddin Ali, D., Omar Othman, H., & Aziz Darwesh, D. (2024). Evaluating the health risks of heavy metal pollution in dust storms in the city of Erbil in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 34(9), 3084-3100.
  • Hassan, R. O., Othman, H. O., Ali, D. S., Abdullah, F. O., & Darwesh, D. A. (2023). Assessment of the health risk posed by toxic metals in commonly consumed legume brands in Erbil, Iraq. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 120, 105282.
  • Hawez, SH. and Darwesh, D. A. (2017). Applied the single and integrated index to assessment the risk of soils medicament by different levels of composts. 6th international conference and workshop on basic and applied sciences 18-19 March 2017.
  • Hero M. Ismael, Lubna A. Abdulkarim, Yahya A. Shekha, Kwestan H. Sdiq, (2025). Comparative Analysis and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Detoxification by Using Bacterial Strains.Bas J Sci 43(1) (2025)141-154.
  • Ismaeil, A. S; Toma, J. J; Hassan, N. S; Ahmed, M. J and Abdulwahid, M.J. (2024). Impact of Algal Extract on Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation genes of Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 17 (4), 705 – 713.
  • Jalal, S. Y., & Darwesh, D. A. (2023). Leachate characterization and evaluation of ground water quality around landfill area using the canadian council ministers of the environment water quality index. Iraqi Journal of Science, 6175-6192.‏
  • Jalal, S. Y., & Darwesh, D. A. (2024). Spatial Distribution of Heavy Element in Erbil's Municipal Landfills by Using GIS. Baghdad Science Journal, 21(3), 0867-0867.
  • Jalal, S. Y., & Shekha, Y. A. (2019). Compost quality assessment for the household solid wastes of Erbil city. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 31(6), 143-149.
  • Jalal, S. Y., Hanna, N. S., & Shekha, Y. A. (2019). The effects of Insects on the Physicochemical Characteristics During Composting. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2426-2432.‏‏‏
  • Jalal, S.Y and Khudhur, N.S. (2023). Effect of Prosopis farcta (Banks de Sol.) Macbride Extracts Against Some Pathogenic bacteria and Seed Germination Indices of Triticum aestivum. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 35 (SpD): 51-57.
  • Jarjees, F.Z. and Darwesh, D.A., (2023). Heavy Metals Concentration in Commercial Rice Available at Erbil City Markets, Iraq and Soaking Effects. Baghdad Science Journal, 20(3 (Suppl.)), pp.0967-0967.
  • Jarjees, F.Z. and Darwesh, D.A., (2024). Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals in Commercially Available Rice at Local Markets in Erbil, within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(3), pp.95-108.
  • Jarjees, F.Z., Hanna, N.S. and Toma, J.J., (2019). Biodiversity of aquatic insects in relation to physico-chemical parameters of Shekh Turab stream. Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(2), pp.12-16.
  • Kareem, K. K. H., & Abdulla, S. S. (2023). Determination of heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil samples and plant leaves around oil refineries located on erbil-gwer road. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 11(4), 492-498.
  • Kareem, S.M; Ganjo, D. Ahmad and Toma, J.J. (2017). Physical and Chemical properties of rainwater and its suitability for drinking and irrigating in Erbil city. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 29 (5), 39-51.
  • Khoshnaw, L. S. H., & Abdullah, S. M. A. (2023). Ultramorphology and molecular studies of diplostomum paracaudum (trematoda) collected in greater zab river from kurdistan region, iraq. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 21(6).
  • Khudhur, N. S. &   Khudhur, S. M. (2015). Soil pollution assessment from industrial area of Erbil City. Journal of Zankoi Sulaimani 17 (4), 225.
  • Khudhur, N. S.,   Khudhur, S. M. &  Hama Ameen, N.O. (2016). A Study on soil bacterial population in steel company and some related area in Erbil city in relation to heavy metal pollution. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 28 (5), 101-116.
  • Khudhur, N. S.,   Khudhur, S. M. & Ahmad, I. N. (2018). An Assessment of heavy metal soil contamination in a Steel Factory and the surrounding area in Erbil City. Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 9 (1), 1-11.
  • Khudhur, N.S. (2009). Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Some Hostels within Hewlêr Province, Iraq. Zanco J., 21(4): 11-19.
  • Khudhur, N.S. (2018). Effect of Kawrgosk Oil Refinery on Some Physicochemical Characteristics, Microbial Population and Biochemical Properties of Surface Soils. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 30(1): 1-13.
  • Khudhur, N.S. and Faqe, N.Q. (2017). Soil Fungal Population Study Related to Oil Pollution Along Different Distances from Kawrgosk Oil Refinery of Erbil-Iraq. Al-Anbar J. of Agricultural Science, 14(2): 1e-15-e.
  • Khudhur, N.S. and Sarmamy, A.O.I. (2016). Impact of Some Pesticides on Total Counts of Soil Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, Particularly Azotobacter sp. JZS (Part-A), 18(1): 99-126.
  • Khudhur, N.S. and Sarmamy, A.O.I. (2018). A Study on Microbial Population under the Effect of some Pesticides in Different Soil Orders and Moisture Contents. Raparin University J., 5(14): 75-98.
  • Khudhur, N.S. and Sarmamy, A.O.I. (2018). Combination Effects of Three Different Pesticides, Three Soil Orders and Two Moisture Contents on some Soil Chemical Characteristics. Raparin University J., 5(15): 121-142.
  • Khudhur, N.S. and Sarmamy, A.O.I. (2019). Determination of diazinon residues in artificially polluted soils. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 31(5): 1-8.
  • Khudhur, N.S., AL-alem, L. S. and Abdullah, S.M. (2011). Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in the Tissues of two Fish Species (Barbus liteus and Cyprinion macrostomum) in Greater Zab River-Iraq. Duhok University J., 14(1): 71-77.
  • Khudhur, N.S., Ganjo, D.A. and Maulood, B.K. (2007). Wastewater treatment using Typha angustifolia L. as a biological purifier for irrigation purposes. Second Water Conference in Duhok Held on April 26-28, 2007.
  • Khudhur, N.S., Ganjo, D.A. and Maulood, B.K. (2009). Wastewater treatment using Typha angustifolia L. as a biological purifier for irrigation purposes. Zanco J., 21(4): 117-127.
  • Khudhur, N.S., Khudhur, S.M. and Ameen, N.O. (2016). A Study on Soil Bacterial Population Inside Erbil Steel Company and Some Related Area of Erbil City in Relation to Heavy Metal. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 28(5): 101-116.
  • Khudhur, N.S.; Ali, S.S. and Yassin, S.S. (2021). Phytoremediation of a Polluted Soil by Purple Plant (Tradescantia pallida L.) Under Different Organic Amendments. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 26(Special issue num.4): 247-257.
  • Khudhur, N.S.; Yassin, S.Q., Hassan, A.S. and Omar, M.N. (2021). Applying Some Indices for Soil Pollution Assessment in Northern Industrial Area from Erbil Governorate. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 26(Special issue num.4): 45-58.
  • Khudhur, S. M. &  Shekha, Y. Sh. (2019). Histopathological and biochemical biomarker response of mussel, Unio pictorum, to carbamate pesticide carbaryl: a laboratory study. Indian J Ani Res 1157, 1-5.
  • Khudhur, S. M. &  Shekha, Y. Sh. (2020). Morphological and molecular identification of three genera of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) from Ava Sheen branch/Greater Zab tributary, North of Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science, 952-960.
  • Khudhur, S. M. &  Shekha, Y. Sh. (2021). Description of Some Aquatic Insect Genera in Greater Zab River Branches, North of Iraq. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 24 (4), 68-78.
  • Khudhur, S. M. (2024).  Copper and Cadmium Toxicity on Freshwater Snail Physella Acuta as Biological Indicator. Kirkuk Journal of Science 19 (2), 27-33.
  • Khudhur, S.M.,  Shekha, Y.A. &  Ibrahim, N.S. (2024). Macroinvertebrates and Physicochemical Characteristics in the Kani Mazi River: Spatiotemporal Analysis Utilizing Multivariate Statistical Methods. Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6 (2), 404-410.
  • Lubna Ahmed Abdulkarim(2021). Influences of mycorrhizal inoculum on Cd and Pb uptake by wheat plant. ZJPAS: 2021, 33(5): 57-71.
  • Lubna Ahmed Abdulkarim, Bahar Jalal Mahmood, Azad Ahmad Abdullah (2020). Succession Effect of Wheat Cultivation After Some Crops on Mycorrhizal Infection, Yield, and Quality of Wheat.ZJPAS: 2020, 32 (5): 167-173.
  • Lubna Ahmed Abdulkarim, Chra Saed Abdulla (2017). Enviromental PH effects on denitrification of soil bacteria and their transcriptional. .ZJPAS: 2017, 29(1): 35-47.
  • Lubna Ahmed Abdulkarim, Chra Saed Abdulla, Farhad Tahir Mahmod, (2019). Microarray analyses of the infant gut microbiota. ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (3): 52-63.
  • Mamand, S. F., Khudhur, N. S., & Darwesh, D. A. (2020). Phytoremediation efficiency of some evergreen plant genera for lead polluted soil. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32(5), 174-178.
  • Mamand, S.F., Khudhur, N.S. and Darwesh, D.A. (2020). Phytoremediation Efficiency of Some Evergreen Plant Genera for Lead Polluted Soil. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32(5): 174-178.
  • Maulood, B.K; Hassan, F.M; Al- Lami, A. A; Toma, J.J and Ismail, A.M. (2013). Checklist of Algal Flora in Iraq. Published in the Republic of Iraq by Ministry of Environment, Baghdad.
  • Maulood, P. M., Esmail, A. O., Dohuki, M. S., & Darwesh, D. A. (2012). Comparison between calcimetric and titrimetric methods for calcium carbonate determination. Open Journal of Soil Science, 2(03), 263.
  • Maulood. B.K. and Shekha, Y.A. (2009). An ecological study on the main sewage channel of Erbil city, Iraq. Al- Nahrain J.
  • Mawlood, H.K. and Khudhur, N.S. (2020). Assessing Microbial and Biochemical Quality Indicators of Tanos Treated Soils. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32(5): 218-225.
  • Mohammedamin, J. K., & Shekha, Y. A (2024). Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Dust Samples from Industrial and Non-Industrial Sites in Erbil Governorate. Rafidain Journal of Science, 33(3), pp. 74-84.
  • Mohammedamin, J. K., & Shekha, Y. A. (2024). Indoor sulfur dioxide prediction through air quality modeling and assessment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide levels in industrial and non-industrial areas. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 196(5), 463.
  • Mohammedamin, J. K., & Shekha, Y. A. (2025). Investigating the Role of Some Biomarkers in Assessing the Proposed Air Pollution Effects in Selected Areas in Erbil Governorate. Baghdad Science Journal, 22(1).
  • Othman, M. A. (2023). Investigation Removal Efficiency of Electrocoagulation Process as A Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Technique: Toxicity Assessment. Journal of Science, 18(4), 1-9.
  • Othman, M. A. (2023). TREATMENT OF LEACHATE FROM ERBIL LANDFILL SITE BY ELECTRO-AND CHEM-ICAL COAGULATION METHODS. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 11(4), 557-563.
  • Othman, M. A., & Yavuz, Y. (2021). Removal of Bentazone Pesticide from Aqueous Solutions by Electro-oxidation Method. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(5), 116-121.
  • Pirdawood, S.M. and Khudhur, N.S. (2023). Soil Pollution Assessment in Mass Steel Company and the Surrounding Environment. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 35 (SpC): 44-51.
  • Qader, H.R., (2017). Interaction Effect of Silicon and Lead on Growth and Development on PisumSativum Plants. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 3(2), pp.258-264.
  • Qader, H.R., (2019). Effect of foliar application of Phosphorus on Growth and development of Vicia faba L. under Magnesium levels. ZANCO J. Pure Appl. Sci, 31(4), pp.173-179.
  • Qader, H.R., (2019). Influence combination of Fruits Peel and Fertilizer Methods on growth and yield of Chickpea (Cicer areitinum) L. Plants. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 31(3), pp.45-51.
  • Qader,H.R. (2025). Determination of the effect of biogenic biometal nanoparticles concentrations soil properties, Vicia faba,growth and the toxicity on black Karbala international journal of modern science.11(2),283-292.
  • Rahman, J.K., Tahir, L.O., Jalal, A.F. and Sharef, H.Y., (2023). Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 9(3), pp.220-236.
  • Rashed, Sh and Darwesh, D. A. (2016). Establishment of DRIS norm for grape varieties in Iraqi Kurdistan region. First international conference of natural science 11-12th July 2016.
  • Rasool, S.S. and Darwesh, D.A., (2022). Evaluation of health risk assessment for cadmium, lead and zink in some common canned foods in erbil city markets. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 34(6), pp.125-134.
  • Saheed, S. A., & Ahmed, S. M. (2021). Influence of Vitis vienefera L. Cultivars on Some Physicochemical Characters and Enzyme Activities of Soil. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(2), 28-33.‏
  • Saheed, S. A., & Ahmed, S. M. (2022). Effect of different levels and sizes of walnut seed residues on phosphorus availability and alkaline phosphatase activity in calcareous soil. Baghdad Science Journal, 19(2), 0240-0240.‏
  • Saheed, S. A., & Darwesh, D. A. (2013). Response of Nutrient Balance Index in Triticum Aestivum L to Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Phosphorus Fertilizer. Science Journal of University of Zakho,1(1).
  • Saheed, S. A., & Darwesh, D. A. (2021). Combination Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield Components of two Wheat Species. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(s1).‏
  • Saheed, S.A. and Qader, H.R., (2020). Impact of ascorbic acid and potassium on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) growth in saline condition. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32(4), pp.144-150.
  • Saheed, S.A., Qader, H.R. and Darwesh, D.A., (2021). Effect of Humic Acid on Tolerance indexes of Barley plant to Cadmium Toxicity. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(3), pp.12-17.
  • Salih, L.S., Ali, K.A. and Khudhur, N.S. (2016). Bioaccumulative Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Organs of Albino Rats. Raparin University J., 3(8): 69-74.
  • Salih, Z, R; Toma, J.J; Aziz, A.H; Hassan, T.M and Aziz, F.H. (2024), Evaluation of Rainwater Quality in Some Polluted Locations within Erbil Province.Pol. J. Environ. Stud 33 (2), 1839-1848.
  • Salih, Z.R., Khudhur, N.S. and Aziz, F.H. 2025. Comparison of dust and surface soil ‎heavy metals and some element contents in Erbil city as a sign of environmental pollution. ‎Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 197 (3), 331.
  • Sarmamy, A.O. I. &  Khidir, S. M. (2013). Effects of some soil treated pesticides on growth characteristics of faba bean and wheat plants. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Appl. Sci 5 (1), 07-20.
  • Shakar Jamal Aweez, Zhian Rashid Salih, Lubna ahmad abdulkarim. Aveen Muhsin Asaad. (2023).Effects of the Brand of Electrical Generator on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants.ZJPAS (2023) , 35(3);187-196 .
  • Shareef, C.M. and Aziz, F.H., (2023). Assessment of Some Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in The Greater Zab River Path from Bekhma to Al Guwayr District in Erbil Province-KRI. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 35(2), pp.94-110.
  • Shareef, C.M. and Aziz, F.H., (2023). New Records of Non-Diatom Algae in Aquatic Habitat along Greater Zab River Path from Bekhma to Gwer District in Erbil Province, Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal, 20(5), 1892-1900.
  • Shekha, Y. A., & Mohammedamin, J. K. (2016). Environmental Impacts of Sand and Gravel Mining on Water Quality and Biodiversity in Kalak Sub-District. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 28(5), 182-192.
  • Shekha, Y. A.; Toma, J.J and Ismail, H.M. (2017). Study algae and fungi interaction in some artificial open sand mine Ponds in kalak sub district- Duhok, Iraq.13(2):109-131.
  • Shekha, Y. A; Al-Attar, M. A; Saleem, M. A and Toma, J.J. (2017). Effect of landfill leachates extract of Erbil city on abnormal sperm morphology and chromosomal aberrations in male albino mice. Zanco Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences 29 (6), 18-27.
  • Shekha, Y. A; Ali, L. Q and Toma, J.J. (2017). Assessment of water quality and trophic status of Duhok Lake Dam. Baghdad Science Journal 14 (2): 35-45.
  • Shekha, Y.A. (2001). An ecological and bacteriological study for groundwater in Arbil region. Journal of Central Berayeti. Vol.18.
  • Shekha, Y.A. (2009). Effect of Different Treatments of Raw Edible Vegetables Irrigated by Untreated Sewage Water from Microbiological Aspect. J. of Duhok Univ. Vol.12(1).
  • Shekha, Y.A. (2011). A Study of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community in the Lower Part of Greater Zab River near Guwer Subdistrict. J. of Rafidain Science. Vol.22(1):33-45.
  • Shekha, Y.A. (2011). Household Solid Waste Content in Erbil City, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Iraq.  Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. Vol.23(3): 1-8.
  • Shekha, Y.A. and Al-Abaychi, J.K. (2009). Abiotic Factors and Their Influences on Phytoplankton Density in Greater Zab River (Khabat subdistrict-Erbil, Iraq). Zanco J. Vol.21(2):71-80.
  • Shekha, Y.A. and Al-Abaychi, J.K. (2009). Community structure of zooplankton in Greater Zab River and Erbil wastewater channel. Zanco J. Vol.21(3).
  • Shekha, Y.A. and Al-Abaychi, J.K. (2010). Use of water quality index and dissolved oxygen saturation as indicators of water pollution of Erbil wastewater channel and Greater Zab River. J. of Duhok Univ. Vol.13(2).
  • Shekha, Y.A. and Al-Abaychi, J.K. (2011). Study of microorganisms' pollution of vegetable crop wild raddish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) irrigated with Erbil wastewater channel. J. of Kirkuk University.
  • Shekha, Y.A. and Al-Abaychi, J.K. (2011). Study the Density and Diversity of Some Invertebrate Groups in Erbil Wastewater Channel and Greater Zab River, Erbil. Al- Rafidain J.2nd Scientific Conference for Biological Science-Sci College –Mosul Unversity.16-17 Nov.2011297-308.
  • Shekha, Y.A. and Al-Abaychi, J.K. (2013). Assessment of Monthly Variation of Two Water Bodies in Erbil Governorate. 1st International of Scientific Conference.   Journal of University of Zakho, Vol.1, (A) No.1: 821-831.
  • Shekha, Y.A.; Ali, L.A. and Toma, J.J. (2009). Determinants of the microbiological characteristics of Erbil city public swimming pools. J. of Duhok Univ. Vol.12(1).
  • Shekha, Y.A.; Hyder, N.H. and Al- Barzingy, Y.O. (2010). The effect of wastewater disposal on the water quality and phytoplankton in Erbil wastewater channel. Baghdad Science J. Vol.7(2): 984-993.
  • Shekha, Y.A.; Ismael, H. M. and Ahmed, A. A. (2013). Bacteriological and Mycological Assessment for Water Quality of Duhok Reservoir. Jordan J. of Biological Science. Vol.6(4):308-315.
  • Tahir, L.O., 2022. Secondary data collected from Ifraz-2 Erbil for Drinking Water Quality Assessment. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 34(6), pp.86-96.
  • Toma, J. (2004). Weekly and spatial variation of Physico-Chemicals variables and Algal composition in Kasnazan Impoundment, Erbil, Iraq. Journal of Babylon University.10(3): 35-47.
  • Toma, J. (2006). Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Analysis for Ground Water Wells in Ainkawa, Erbil, Iraq. Proc. 4th Int. Con. Biol. Sci. (Botany) 147, 152.
  • Toma, J. (2006). Study on some of physico-chemical properties in Shaqlawa groundwater (some wells), Erbil. Iraq. J. of Zanco 18 (3):25-35.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2021). New records of algae in Shaqlawa district, Erbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 24 (3), 55-62.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2022). Algal study in springs and streams from Shaqlawa district, Erbil Province, Iraq I-Euglenophyta. Baghdad Science Journal 19 (3), 0483-0483.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2022). Algal study in the springs and streams from Shaqlawa district, Erbil Province, Iraq II-Zygnematales. Iraqi Journal of Science.63(4): 1438-1452.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2022). Heavy metals compositions in springs and streams from Shaqlawa district, Erbil Province, Kurdistan region of Iraq.ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 34 (4), 45-52.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2023). Algal study in springs and streams in Shaqlawa district, Erbil province-Iraq III-Chlorophyceae without Zygnematales. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54 (1), 70-84.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2023). Antibacterial activity of three algal genera against some pathogenic bacteria. Baghdad Science Journal 20 (1), 0032-0032.
  • Toma, J. J and Aziz, F.H. (2024).  Antibacterial Activity of Oscillatoria princips and Chroococcus Turgidus Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria. Passer Journal for Pure and Applied Science 6 (2), 567-574.
  • Toma, J. J and Hanna, A.M. (2017). Study of the efficiency of some water treatment unit that present in houses in Erbil city-Iraq.AIP Conference Proceedings 1888 (1), 020052.
  • Toma, J. J and Othman, M.A. (2011). Determination of the trace metals in Bottled Water That Available in Erbil City, Iraq. Journal of Environmental Studies 6 (1), 31-37.
  • Toma, J. J. (2003). Limnological study of Dokan lake, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.1-Thermal stratification and oxygen distribution relation. The journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (University of Salahaddin).15(2):1-10.
  • Toma, J. J. (2008). Trace metal composition in Ainkawa groundwater Erbil. Kurdistan of Iraq Journal of Zanco 20 (2), 65-74.
  • Toma, J. J. (2009). Studying of Water Quality of Various Trading Marks of Potable Bottled Waters in Erbil City. Iraq.ZANCO, Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 22 (2), 1-13.
  • Toma, J. J. (2013). Limnological study of Dokan, Derbendikhan and Duhok lakes, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Open Journal of Ecology .3(1):  23-29.
  • Toma, J. J; Assad, Z. A and Baez, D.R. (2013). Water quality assessment of some well water in Erbil city by quality index, Kurdistan REGION-Iraq. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 4 (4), 125-130.
  • Toma, J. J; Shekha, Y. A and Al-Barzingy, Y.O. (2018). An Ecological Assessment for Water Quality of Some Water Bodies in Koysenjaq-Erbil, Iraq. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 21 (2), 119-129.
  • Toma, J., & Othman, M. (2011). Determination of the trace metals in Bottled Water That Available in Erbil City, Iraq. Journal of Environmental Studies, 6(1), 31-37.
  • Toma, J.J. (2010). Evaluation of Trace melas in Shaqlawa well water. Arbil. Kurdistan region of Iraq. Journal od Duhok University Vol 13 (1):11-24.
  • Toma, J.J. (2011). Limnological study in Dokan lake, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Journal of Environmental Studies 6 (1), 1-12.
  • Toma, J.J. (2011). Physical and chemical properties and algal composition of Derbendikhan lake, Sulaimania, Iraq. Current World Environment 6 (1), 17-24.
  • Toma, J.J. (2012). Water quality index for assessment of water quality of Duhok Lake, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 3 (3), 119-124.
  • Toma, J.J. (2013). Evaluating Raw and treated water quality of Greater Zab River within Erbil city by index analysis. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied.12: 147-158.
  • Toma, J.J. (2013). Quality assessment of some bottled water that available in Erbil city, Iraq by using water quality index for drinking purposes. Science Journal of University of Zakho 1 (2), 469-478.
  • Toma, J.J. (2018). Algae as indicator to assess trophic status in Dokan Lake, Kurdistan region of Iraq.ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 31 (2), 57-64.
  • Toma, J.J. (2019). Algae as indicator to assess trophic status in Duhok Lake, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Journal of Garmian University (SCAPAS Conference) (2): 90-98.
  • Toma, J.J. (2023). Study of Algal Diatoms in some water resources in Shaqlawa District. Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Science 5 (2), 249-261.
  • Toma, J.J., Hanna, N.S. and Mohammed, B.A., 2013. Effect of storage condition on some bottled water quality in Erbil city, Kurdistan region-Iraq. International Journal of Software and Web Sciences, 3(1), pp.33-43.
  • Toma, J.J; Hanna, N.S and Mohammed, B.A. (2013). Effect of storage condition on some bottled water quality in Erbil city, Kurdistan region-Iraq. International Journal of Software and Web Sciences 3 (1), 33-43.
  • Toma.J.J.(2019). Algae as indicator to assess trophic status in Dokan Lake, Kurdistan region of Iraq.ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 31 (2), 57-64.
  • Yasin, S.A., Ahmed, A.Q., Tahir, L.O. and Ahmed, R.S., 2023. Spring Water Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index in Shawre Valley-Sulaymaniyah-Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 35(2), pp.118-130.
  • Yavuz, Y., & OTHMAN, M. A. (2021). Optimizing Electro-oxidation, Electrocoagulation and Electro-Fenton processes for Treating Model Pesticide Wastewater containing Bromuconazole. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(1), 138-145.
Theses Titles:
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh. (2007). Role of supplementary irrigation and fertilizer treatments on yields and nutrients balance in wheat by using modified DRIS. Ph.D. dissertation. College of agriculture sciences. salahaddin University.
  • Dalshad A.Darwesh.(1998). Effect of some soil properties, Nitrogen source and complementary irrigation on ammonia volatilization and growth of wheat. M.Sc thesis college of science / salahaddin University.
  • Hanna, S. (2015). Using Aquatic Insects as Bioindicators in Water Quality Assessment of Bekhal (Maran), Zar Gali and Khalan Streams (M. Sc thesis of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Hanna, S. (2024). Toxicity Assessment of Some Pollutants on Two Macroinvertebrates; Unio tigridis and Lumbricus terrestris (Ph.D. dissertation of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Jalal, S., (2016). Applied Compost Quality indices for Assessment Different Composting Methods by Using Household Solid Waste (M. Sc thesis of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Jalal, S., (2024). GIS Description of Pollutants Distribution in Landfill Area in Erbil City (Doctoral dissertation of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Jarjees, F., (2014). Cross-taxon surrogacy of species richness and indicator taxa of biodiversity at multi spatial scales in great britain (M.Sc thesis of Faculty of Science, The University of Nottingham-UK).
  • Jarjees, F., (2024). Human Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Imported and Local Rice Available at Local Markets in Erbil City, Kurdistan Regional of Iraq (PhD thesis of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Kareem, K., (2023). Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Refineries Located on Erbil-Gwer Road, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. (M.Sc thesis of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Khoshnaw,L.S.H.(2011).Detection of Toxoplasma gondii of aborted women in Erbil city serological,molecular (PCR) and mouse inoculation. (M.SC thesis of college of science,Tikrit University).
  • Khoshnaw,L.S.H.(2024).Morphological and Molecular characterazation of Diplostomum spp.(Trematoda) parasite in some fishes from Greater Zab River,Kurdistan Region,Iraq. (Ph.D. thesis of college of Agriculture Engineering Science salahadin university).
  • Khudhur, N.S. (2006). Wastewater treatment using Typha angustifolia L. as a biological purifier for irrigation purposes. M.Sc. Thesis, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Iraq.
  • Khudhur, N.S. (2013). Effect of Some Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms in Hawler Governorate. PhD Dissertation, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Iraq.
  • Khudhur, S. M. (2011). Impact of some pesticides on soil pollution. M.Sc. thesis, Salahaddin University, Kurdistan-Iraq.
  • Khudhur, S. M. (2020). Macroinvertebrates as a Biological Indicator for Water Quality Assessment in Greater Zab River Branches from Sheladzae to Qandil Bridge- Kurdistan Region of Iraq. pHD. dissertation.Salahaddin University, Kurdistan-Iraq.
  • Lubna ahmad abdulkarim, (2002). A morphological systematic study of the family Araceae juss. In duhok, arbil and Sulaymania governorates kurdistan region Iraq. M.Sc. thesis. College of education, university of Salahaddin.
  • Lubna ahmad abdulkarim, (2011). Effect of some fungisides, phosphorus levels and mycorrhizal inoculation on yield, protein and oil content of soybean Glycine Max. L. Merr. PH. D thesis. College of agriculture, Salahaddin university.
  • Mohammedamin, J. K. (2014). Assessment of environmental impacts of sand and gravel mining in Kalak Sub-District (Master’s thesis, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Mohammedamin, J. K. (2024). Air Quality Modeling and Risk Assessment of Some Pollutants on Human Health Using a Cross-Sectional Survey in Erbil City (Doctoral dissertation, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Othman, M. A. (2018). Removal of pesticcides from aqueous solution by electrochemical methods (Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University (Turkey)).
  • Qader, H.R. (2013). Effect of Salicylic acid, Lead, and their interaction on growth and development of (Phaseolus vulgaris L., ) plants. (Master thesis).
  • Rasool, S., (2022). Health risk assessment of some heavy metals in common canned foods in Erbil city (M.Sc thesis of College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Saheed, S. A., (2010). Combination Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield Components and Nutrient Balance Index of two Wheat Species by using modified DRIS. (M.Sc. thesis of College of Education Scientific department, Salahaddin University-Erbil).
  • Sharif, CH. M. (2016). Phycolimnological study on some springs within Zrarati area in Erbil province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Salahaddin, Iraq.
  • Sharif, CH. M. (2023). Phycolimnolological Study in Greater Zab River via Algae as Antimicrobial Activity. Ph.D Dissertation , Univ. of Salahaddin, Iraq.
  • Shekha, Y. A. (1994). An ecological study on the main sewage channel of Erbil city, MSc. Thesis, Biology Department, College of Science, University of Salahaddin–Erbil, Iraq.
  • Shekha, Y. A. (2008). The effect of Erbil city wastewater discharge on water quality of Greater Zab river, and the risks of irrigation” PhD Dissertation, Biology Department, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Tahir,L.O.(2010).A study on Quality Assessment of Some Available Bottled Drinking Water Within Hawler Markets.(M.Sc. thesis in Biology of College of Science,Salahaddin University-Hawler).
  • Toma, J. J. (2000). Limnological study of Dokan Lake, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Sciences, Salahaddin University.
  • Toma, J.J. (2022). Response of Algal Distribution to Environmental Condition of Shaqlawa district and their Antibiotic Activities. Ph.D. Thesis. College of Sciences, Salahaddin University.‎
Sample Description
Sample Description
Sample Description

Academic Advising

Academic advising in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health plays a critical role in guiding students through their educational journey, helping them make informed decisions about courses of study, research opportunities, career paths, and professional development.

Also is essential to student success, providing a structured path for academic growth, engagement in research, and professional development. Through personalized advising, students gain the knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to become environmental and public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers.

 

Internship Opportunities

Environmental science and health internships provide students with hands-on experience, helping them apply theoretical knowledge to real-world environmental and public health challenges. These opportunities enhance practical skills, build professional networks, and prepare students for careers in research, policy, sustainability, and industry.

  1. Types of Internships
    • Government and Public Sector Internships
    • Research and Laboratory Internships
    • NGO and Community Internships
    • Corporate and Sustainability Internships
    • Healthcare and Public Health Internships
  2. Benefits of Internships
    • Gain practical experience in environmental monitoring and implementing sustainability policies and practices.
    • Build professional networks with scientists, policymakers, and industry leaders.
    • Improve technical skills such as geospatial mapping, laboratory testing, and statistical analysis.
    • Enhance problem-solving abilities by working on real-world environmental health issues.
    • Enhance career readiness for roles in research, government, NGOs, or industry.
  3. How to Find Internships
    • University Career Centers: Contact faculty advisors and career services for available positions.
    • Government websites: Check agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency, the World Health Organization, and local environmental departments.
    • Nongovernmental organizations and nonprofits: Explore global and local NGOs working on environmental and public health issues.
    • Business-industry partnerships: Look for sustainability initiatives from large corporations and consulting firms.
    • Online job portals: Use platforms like LinkedIn, Indeed, and environmental job boards to find relevant internships.
 

Career Services

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health Career Services supports students and graduates in building successful careers in environmental research, public health, sustainability, and related fields. These services provide career counseling, placement assistance, professional development, and networking opportunities.

  1. Career counseling and guidance
  2. Resume, cover letter, and interview preparation
  3. Internship and placement assistance
  4. Career development and networking
  5. Graduate and certificate orientation
  6. Entrepreneurship and research opportunities

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health Career Services helps students transition from academic to professional by providing essential tools, resources, and networking opportunities. These services ensure that graduates are well prepared to contribute to environmental sustainability, public health, and policymaking in a wide range of industries.

Sample Description
Sample Description
Sample Description
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