Mathematics

Department Overview

The Mathematics Department of the College of Science was established in the academic year (1968-1969). Throughout its history, it has nurtured numerous scientific and productive figures who have played a pivotal role in advancing the country's scientific standards.

Mathematics stands out as a captivating discipline. Students in this department find joy in solving and contemplating mathematical problems—a unique pleasure unmatched in other fields. We observe that most successful individuals in this discipline develop a profound love for the science itself.

Moreover, those with strong mathematical skills tend to succeed throughout their lives, excelling in analyzing and solving daily challenges or even national and political obstacles.

We recognize that mathematics is central to most other sciences. Without it, disciplines like computer science, physics, and others would not exist as they do. If we examine advanced nations, we find that their histories are rich with great mathematicians. This is because nurturing scholars requires a free and conducive environment. However, in oppressed regions lacking freedom such as Kurdistan—literary and poetic talents often flourish instead of scientific ones.

Therefore, it is crucial to seize the current opportunities of relative freedom and strive to cultivate scientific figures in our nation.

 
Andam Ali Mustafa received his B.Sc. in Mathematics from Salahaddin University–Erbil in 2009. He served as a Research Assistant in the Department from 2009 to 2013 and earned his M.Sc. in Numerical Analysis in 2015. From 2015 to 2022, he worked as a Lecture Assistant before completing his Ph.D. in Analytical Number Theory at Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy, in 2022. He is currently a Lecturer and Head of the Mathematics Department. He has held several key academic and administrative positions, including Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department, Member of the Final Examination Committee, Head of Quality Assurance within the Department, Director of Pedagogy at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and Coordinator of the Bologna Process and curriculum development at the college level. He has published numerous articles in national and international journals and has secured research grants and funding. His research focuses on Analytical Number Theory, particularly the study of prime densities associated with finitely generated multiplicative groups of rational numbers.  
Mission

The mission of Environmental Science and Health is to advance knowledge, research and solutions that promote environmental sustainability and protect human health.

This includes:
  • Investigating environmental hazards and their impacts on ecosystems and human well-being.
  • Developing science-based strategies for pollution control, disease prevention and sustainable resource management.
  • Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address global environmental and health challenges.
  • Educating and empowering communities, policymakers and industries to adopt environmentally responsible practices.
Vision

To live in a world where human health and environmental sustainability coexist in harmony, supported by scientific innovation, informed policy, and community engagement. This vision includes:

  • A cleaner, healthier environment with reduced pollution and environmental degradation.
  • Equitable access to safe water, air, and food for all communities.
  • Resilient ecosystems that support biodiversity and human needs.
  • A global community that values and integrates environmental health into decision-making for a sustainable future.

This vision drives research, education, and policy-making to create a healthier planet for future generations.

Learning Outcomes

Graduates from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health will acquire the essential knowledge, skills and competencies needed to address environmental challenges and protect human health.

Key learning outcomes include:

  1. Basic knowledge in environmental and health sciences
  2. Scientific inquiry and research skills
  3. Critical thinking and problem solving
  4. Policy, management and leadership
  5. Communication and community engagement
  6. Technical and practical competence

These learning outcomes ensure that graduates from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health are well equipped to address environmental challenges, protect human health and contribute to sustainable development through research, policy and community engagement.

Partnership

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health collaborates with a variety of organizations, institutions, and industries to advance research, education, and policy development. These partnerships help address global environmental and health challenges by combining scientific knowledge, technological advances, and community engagement.

  1. Academic and research institutions
  2. Government agencies and public health organizations
  3. Nongovernmental organizations and community groups
  4. Private sector and industry collaborations
  5. International organizations and global networks
  6. Policymakers and legislative bodies

These partnerships enhance the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health’s ability to address environmental challenges, improve public health, and promote sustainable development through education, research, and policy implementation.

Degree Program Overview

The Department of Biology provides undergraduate programs in biomedical sciences and general biology. These programs are intended to offer students a comprehensive biological and life sciences education, combining theoretical knowledge with extensive practical experience. Graduates can pursue advanced studies and meet the requirements of careers in academia, research, healthcare, biotechnology, and related fields.

General Biology Program

The general biology program provides in-depth knowledge of the fundamental principles of life sciences, with a special focus on molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological biology, zoology, botany, microbiology, genetics, ecology, physiology, and biochemistry are among the varied subjects that students explore. The curriculum prioritizes the integration of theory and practice through research projects, field studies, and laboratory work. This program provides students with the necessary skills for exploring an extensive range of career opportunities, such as positions in environmental agencies, research institutions, education, and quality control laboratories.

Key features of the General Biology program include:
  • Core Courses in Zoology, Botany, Microbiology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry.
  • Elective courses allow students to specialize in specific areas of interest, such as toxic plants and tissue culture techniques.
  • Research Project in the final year to develop scientific investigation and data analysis skills.

Biomedical Sciences Program

The Biomedical Sciences program highlights the adoption of biological principles into the fields of healthcare and medicine. It includes essential fields: molecular biology, microbiology, medical bacteriology, immunology, hematology, and clinical chemistry. This program provides students with the necessary skills and knowledge for future careers in medical laboratories, healthcare facilities, biotechnology firms, and research organizations. It also provides a strong basis for individuals pursuing clinical research, medicine, or advanced biomedical studies  careers.

Key features of the Biomedical Sciences program include:
  • Core courses in medical bacteriology, genetics, molecular biology, immunology, and clinical laboratory techniques.
  • Elective courses to explore specialized fields like histopathology, toxicology, and bioinformatics.
  • Practical training in advanced laboratory techniques, diagnostic procedures, and biosafety protocols.
  • Research Project in the final year to enhance analytical and problem-solving skills.
 

Program Structure

Both degree programs are four-year, full-time Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) programs structured according to the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). Each academic year is divided into two semesters, with students completing 30 ECTS credits per semester.

  • Years 1 and 2 focus on foundational courses in biology, chemistry, and essential skills (e.g., computer skills and academic writing).
  • Years 3 and 4 encompass electives, research projects, and specialized and advanced courses customized to each program.

Career Readiness and Development

The programs prioritize ethical practices in science, research skills, and practical experience. Students obtain advantages from:
  • Laboratory sessions that employ contemporary devices. • Opportunities for real-world experience through internships. • Academic advising and career services to facilitate employment or further education.
Graduates are well-prepared for careers in education, healthcare, research, environmental agencies, quality control laboratories, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical industries. The Department of Biology's commitment to academic excellence, innovation, and community engagement ensures that graduates are equipped to make meaningful contributions to scientific progress and societal well-being.

Postgraduate Studies

The Department of Biology at Salahaddin University-Erbil offers robust postgraduate programs to advance knowledge, foster research innovation, and develop specialized expertise in biological sciences.

Program Offerings

  1. Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Biology

    2. The M.Sc. program is designed to provide students with advanced theoretical knowledge and practical research skills in various biological disciplines. The program emphasizes coursework and research to prepare students for academic, industrial, or governmental careers in biology.

    Focus Areas:
    • Molecular Biology
    • Microbiology
    • Physiology
    • Zoology
    • Botany
    • Specialized Subfields

    ECTS Distribution:

    The program is structured to include 120 ECTS over two academic years:

    • Coursework (60 ECTS): Advanced topics in biology tailored to the student's area of specialization.
    • Research Thesis (60 ECTS): An independent research project culminating in a thesis defense.

    Learning Outcomes:

    Graduates of the M.Sc. program will:

    1. Demonstrate advanced knowledge in their chosen field of biology.
    2. Design, conduct, and analyze biological research using appropriate methodologies.
    3. Communicate scientific findings effectively in written and oral formats.
    4. Apply critical thinking to address biological problems.
    5. Work independently and collaboratively in research settings.
  2. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biology

    3. The Ph.D. program focuses on original research contributions to the field of biology, aiming to develop experts capable of advancing biological sciences through innovative and impactful research.

    Specialization Areas:

    Students work closely with faculty mentors to focus on a specific research area within biology, such as genetics, ecology, or biochemistry.

    ECTS Distribution:

    The Ph.D. program requires 180 ECTS, typically completed over three to four years:

    • Advanced Coursework (30 ECTS): Topics tailored to support the research project.
    • Research and Dissertation (150 ECTS): Original research culminating in a dissertation and defense.
    Learning Outcomes:

    Graduates of the Ph.D. program will:

    1. Conduct independent, original research that contributes to the body of knowledge in biology.
    2. Demonstrate expertise in a specialized area of biology.
    3. Publish research findings in peer-reviewed journals.
    4. Exhibit advanced problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.
    5. Lead research projects and mentor junior researchers.
    Admission Requirements M.Sc. Program
    • Bachelor’s degree in biology or a closely related field.
    • Minimum academic performance by university regulations.
    • Proficiency in English (demonstrated through tests like IELTS or TOEFL).
    • Successful performance in the entrance exam and interview.
    Ph.D. Program
    • Master’s degree in biology or a related discipline.
    • Proven research experience, preferably with publications in scientific journals.
    • Submission of a detailed research proposal aligned with the department’s expertise.
    • Proficiency in English (demonstrated through tests like IELTS or TOEFL).
    • Successful performance in the entrance exam and interview.
    Research and Facilities

    The department has modern laboratories, research tools, and computational resources to support postgraduate students’ academic journeys. Collaborative opportunities with national and international institutions are also available, encouraging interdisciplinary research and innovation.

    The postgraduate programs are designed to empower students to become leaders in their respective fields, whether in academia, industry, or public service and contribute meaningfully to advancing biological sciences.

Program learning outcome

Graduates from the Department of Biology at Salahaddin University-Erbil will achieve the following learning outcomes upon successful completion of the General Biology or Biomedical Science programs:

  1. Comprehensive Knowledge Demonstrate extensive understanding of core biological concepts, including molecular biology, genetics, physiology, microbiology, botany, and zoology. This includes knowledge of living organisms’ structure, function, and interactions at molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels.
  2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Apply critical thinking skills and scientific reasoning to design experiments, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings. Graduates will be capable of solving biological problems and contributing to new scientific discoveries.
  3. Laboratory and Technical Proficiency Establish competency in laboratory procedures, including using contemporary biological instruments and technologies. This includes techniques in microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, histology, and biochemistry, ensuring readiness for research and professional practice.
  4. Ethical and Professional Conduct Uphold ethical standards and integrity in scientific research, laboratory work, and professional activities. Graduates will understand biosafety and biosecurity principles and apply them responsibly.
  5. Effective Communication Effectively communicate scientific information, findings, and concepts to diverse audiences through verbal presentations, scientific writing, and visual data representation. This includes writing research reports and presenting findings in professional settings.
  6. Career Readiness Pursue careers in medical laboratories, research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, quality control centers, and educational settings. Graduates will be equipped to contribute to disease diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and public health promotion.
  7. Lifelong Learning and Adaptability Engage in lifelong learning to stay current with advances in biological sciences and emerging technologies. Graduates will demonstrate adaptability to new scientific methods and concepts, fostering continuous professional development.
  8. Research Skills Conduct independent research and contribute to scientific progress by formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing results. Graduates will be prepared to pursue advanced studies or research-focused careers.

By achieving these outcomes, graduates from the Department of Biology will be well-prepared to address biological and health-related challenges, advance scientific knowledge, and serve their communities effectively.

The General Biology and Biomedical Science programs of the Department of Biology provide extensive courses. Each course is constructed to provide students with practical skills and a comprehensive understanding of various biological disciplines. Following is an in-depth list of the courses that are available in both programs:

General Biology Program First Semester
  • SBG101 – Zoology I (9 ECTS) Study of animal classification, morphology, and physiology with lab practices.
  • SBG102 – Botany I (6 ECTS) Introduction to plant structure, growth, and function with practical sessions.
  • SBG103 – Organic Chemistry (6 ECTS) Fundamentals of organic molecules and reactions relevant to biological systems.
  • SU1001 – Computer Skills (3 ECTS) Basic computer applications and software tools for academic purposes.
  • SU1003 – Kurdish Studies (3 ECTS) Study of Kurdish history, culture, and language.
  • SU1004 – English for University Students (3 ECTS) Development of academic English skills.
Second Semester
  • SBG201 – Zoology II (6 ECTS) Continuation of animal classification and physiology with emphasis on diversity.
  • SBG202 – Botany II (6 ECTS) Advanced concepts in plant physiology and taxonomy.
  • SBG203 – Analytical Chemistry (6 ECTS) Techniques for analyzing biological samples and chemical compounds.
  • SBG204 – Biosafety and Biosecurity (3 ECTS) Safety practices in biological research and laboratory settings.
  • SU1002 – Academic Skills (6 ECTS) Academic writing, critical reading, and research skills.
  • SU1005 – English for Specific Purposes (3 ECTS) Discipline-specific English terminology and communication skills.
Third Semester
  • SBG301 – Microbiology I (Core) (6 ECTS) Introduction to microorganisms and their roles in health and environment.
  • SBG302 – Biochemistry I (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of biomolecules and metabolic pathways.
  • SBG303 – Cell Biology (Core) (6 ECTS) Structure and function of cells, organelles, and cellular processes.
  • SBG304 – Plant Anatomy (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of plant tissues and their organization.
  • SBG305 – Invertebrates or Venomous Invertebrates (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Exploration of invertebrate diversity and venomous species.
  • SBG306 – Algae or Phycology (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Study of algae types, ecology, and applications.
Fourth Semester
  • SBG401 – Microbiology II (Core) (6 ECTS) Advanced study of microorganisms and infectious diseases.
  • SBG402 – Biochemistry II (Core) (6 ECTS) Continuation of metabolic processes and biochemical analysis.
  • SBG403 – Parasitology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of parasites affecting humans and animals.
  • SBG404 – Plant Taxonomy (Core) (6 ECTS) Classification and identification of plant species.
  • SBG405 – Microtechniques or Tissue Culture Technique (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Laboratory methods for preparing and studying biological samples.
  • SBG406 – Archegoniate or Toxic Plants (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Study of higher plants or toxic plant species.
Fifth Semester
  • SBG501 – Histology (3 Units) Study of tissues and microscopic anatomy.
  • SBG502 – Entomology (3 Units) Study of insects, their classification, and ecological roles.
  • SBG503 – Animal Physiology I (3 Units) Functions of animal organ systems.
  • SBG504 – Ecology (3 Units) Interactions between organisms and their environment.
  • SBG505 – Virology (3 Units) Study of viruses and their impact on living organisms.
  • SBG506 – Epidemiology (Elective) (3 Units) Patterns and control of diseases in populations.
Sixth Semester
  • SBG601 – Embryology (3 Units) Development of embryos and early life stages.
  • SBG602 – Animal Physiology II (3 Units) Continuation of animal physiology, focusing on advanced topics.
  • SBG603 – Mycology (3 Units) Study of fungi, including taxonomy and pathology.
  • SBG604 – Molecular Biology (3 Units) Genetic mechanisms and molecular processes.
  • SBG605 – Microbial Physiology (3 Units) Study of microbial growth and metabolism.
  • SBG606 – Pollution (Elective) (3 Units) Environmental pollution and its biological impact.
Seventh Semester
  • SBG701 – Food Microbiology (3 Units) Microorganisms in food production and safety.
  • SBG702 – Medical Bacteriology I (3 Units) Pathogenic bacteria and disease mechanisms.
  • SBG703 – Hematology (3 Units) Study of blood cells and disorders.
  • SBG704 – Genetics (3 Units) Principles of inheritance and genetic variation.
  • SBG705 – Comparative Anatomy (3 Units) Comparative study of vertebrate anatomy.
  • SBG706 – Diagnostic Parasitology (Elective) (3 Units) Techniques for diagnosing parasitic infections.
  • SBG707 – Research Project (2 Units) Independent research under faculty supervision.
Eighth Semester
  • SBG801 – Plant Physiology (3 Units) Processes in plant growth and function.
  • SBG802 – Medical Bacteriology II (3 Units) Continuation of bacterial diseases and diagnostics.
  • SBG803 – Immunology (3 Units) The immune system and its functions.
  • SBG804 – Microbial Genetics (3 Units) Genetics of microorganisms and genetic engineering.
  • SBG805 – Industrial Microbiology (3 Units) Microbial applications in industry.
  • SBG806 – Bioinformatics (Elective) (3 Units) Analysis of biological data using computational tools.
  • SBG807 – Research Project (2 Units) Completion and presentation of research findings.
Biomedical Science Program The Biomedical Science program is designed to provide students with a deep understanding of the biological sciences related to human health and disease. The following is a detailed course catalog covering each semester of the program.   First Semester
  • SBM101 – Zoology I (9 ECTS) Introduction to animal biology, focusing on classification, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of invertebrates and vertebrates. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM102 – Botany I (6 ECTS) Fundamental concepts in plant biology, including morphology, physiology, and taxonomy. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM103 – Organic Chemistry (6 ECTS) Basics of organic compounds, including structure, reactions, and mechanisms relevant to biological systems. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SU1001 – Computer Skills (3 ECTS) Introduction to essential computer applications, data management, and scientific software. Hours/Week: 1 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SU1003 – Kurdish Studies (3 ECTS) An overview of Kurdish history, language, and culture. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
  • SU1004 – English for University Students (3 ECTS) Basic English language skills for academic purposes. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
Second Semester
  • SBM201 – Zoology II (6 ECTS) Advanced study of animal diversity, focusing on the physiology and development of various animal groups. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM202 – Botany II (6 ECTS) Continuation of Botany I, covering plant reproduction, growth, and ecological interactions. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM203 – Analytical Chemistry (6 ECTS) Principles of chemical analysis, including qualitative and quantitative techniques. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM204 – Biosafety and Biosecurity (3 ECTS) Fundamentals of laboratory safety, handling biological materials, and risk management. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
  • SU1002 – Academic Skills (6 ECTS) Development of research, writing, and presentation skills for academic success. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SU1005 – English for Specific Purposes (3 ECTS) Specialized English for scientific and biomedical contexts. Hours/Week: 2 Theory
Third Semester
  • SBM301 – Microbiology I (Core) (6 ECTS) Introduction to microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and their roles in health and disease. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM302 – Biochemistry I (Core) (6 ECTS) Structure and function of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM303 – Cell Biology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of cellular structure, function, and processes such as signaling and division. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM304 – Medical Protozoology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of medically significant protozoa, their life cycles, and pathogenicity. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM305 – Histology or Histopathology (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Histology – Study of normal tissues and their microscopic structure. Option 2: Histopathology – Study of tissue abnormalities and disease pathology. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM306 – Human Anatomy or Anatomy of Laboratory Animals (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Human Anatomy – Overview of human body systems and structures. Option 2: Anatomy of Laboratory Animals – Comparative anatomy relevant to research models. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
Fourth Semester
  • SBM401 – Microbiology II (Core) (6 ECTS) Advanced topics in microbial physiology, genetics, and host-pathogen interactions. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM402 – Biochemistry II (Core) (6 ECTS) Metabolic pathways, enzymology, and biochemical regulation mechanisms. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM403 – Genetics (Core) (6 ECTS) Principles of inheritance, gene expression, and genetic variation. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM404 – Medical Helminthology (Core) (6 ECTS) Study of parasitic worms, their life cycles, and diseases they cause. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM405 – Human Embryology or Developmental Biology (Elective 1) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Human Embryology – Study of human development from fertilization to birth. Option 2: Developmental Biology – Mechanisms of growth and differentiation in organisms. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
  • SBM406 – Medical Physics or Biophysics (Elective 2) (3 ECTS) Option 1: Medical Physics – Physical principles applied to medical diagnostics and treatment. Option 2: Biophysics – Study of biological processes using physical methods. Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical
Fifth Semester
  1. SBM501 – Molecular Biology I Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical This course covers the fundamental principles of molecular biology, including DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Laboratory sessions focus on techniques such as DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis.
  2. SBM502 – Hematology I Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to blood cell physiology, hematopoiesis, and the morphology of blood components. Practical work includes blood smear preparation, staining, and analysis of normal and abnormal cells.
  3. SBM503 – Basics Immunology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical This course covers the immune system's components and functions, including innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antibodies, and immune responses. Laboratory activities include serological tests and immunological assays.
  4. SBM504 – Medical Mycology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of medically significant fungi, including their identification, pathogenicity, and treatment. Practical work involves culturing and identifying fungal species associated with human disease.
  5. SBM505 – Basics Physiology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to human physiological processes, including homeostasis, nervous, and major organ systems. Laboratory exercises focus on measuring physiological parameters.
  6. SBM506 – Pharmacology (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 3 Theory Covers the principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, drug classifications, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses.
Sixth Semester
  1. SBM601 – Molecular Biology II Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Advanced molecular biology topics include gene expression regulation, epigenetics, and recombinant DNA technology. Practical sessions involve cloning and gene expression analysis.
  2. SBM602 – Hematology II Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Continuation of Hematology I, covering hematological disorders, anemia, leukemias, and coagulation pathways. Practical work includes diagnostic techniques for blood disorders.
  3. SBM603 – Medical Immunology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Focus on immune system dysfunctions, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, and immunotherapy. Laboratory sessions involve advanced immunological assays.
  4. SBM604 – Medical Virology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of viruses affecting humans, including their structure, replication, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis. Practical work includes virus culture techniques and diagnostic assays.
  5. SBM605 – Medical Physiology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical In-depth study of human organ systems, focusing on disease-related physiological changes. Laboratory work includes physiological measurements and functional assessments.
  6. SBM606 – Microtechnique (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to tissue preparation techniques, including fixation, embedding, sectioning, and staining. Practical sessions involve histological slide preparation and microscopic analysis.
Seventh Semester
  1. SBM701 – Medical Bacteriology I Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of pathogenic bacteria, their identification, and clinical significance. Laboratory work includes culturing, staining, and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
  2. SBM702 – Biotechnology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Covers the applications of biotechnology in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Practical sessions focus on DNA cloning, genetic engineering, and biotechnological techniques.
  3. SBM703 – Clinical Chemistry Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Principles and methods for analyzing body fluids for diagnostic purposes. Laboratory work includes assays for glucose, cholesterol, liver enzymes, and electrolytes.
  4. SBM704 – Instrumental Analysis Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of analytical instruments used in biomedical laboratories, such as spectrophotometers, chromatographs, and electrophoresis units. Practical sessions focus on instrument operation and data interpretation.
  5. SBM705 – Toxicology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Introduction to the principles of toxicology, including mechanisms of toxicity, poison detection, and treatment. Laboratory work includes toxin analysis in biological samples.
  6. SBM706 – Bioinformatics (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 3 Theory Covers computational tools for analyzing biological data, such as DNA sequences and protein structures. Practical sessions involve using bioinformatics software for sequence analysis.
  7. SBM707 – Research Project Units: 2 | Hours/Week: 1 Theory, 2 Practical Students undertake an independent research project, including experimental design, data collection, analysis, and presentation of results.
Eighth Semester
  1. SBM801 – Medical Bacteriology II Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Advanced study of bacterial infections, their clinical manifestations, and diagnostic techniques. Practical work focuses on identifying clinical isolates.
  2. SBM802 – Endocrinology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of the endocrine system, hormone functions, and disorders. Laboratory sessions include hormone assays and diagnostic techniques.
  3. SBM803 – Clinical Laboratory Techniques Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Covers essential diagnostic techniques in clinical laboratories, including hematological, biochemical, and microbiological assays.
  4. SBM804 – Cytogenetics Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of chromosome structure, function, and abnormalities. Practical work includes karyotyping and chromosome analysis techniques.
  5. SBM805 – Epidemiology Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 3 Theory Introduction to disease distribution, determinants, and prevention strategies. Focus on public health practices and data interpretation.
  6. SBM806 – Food Microbiology (Elective) Units: 3 | Hours/Week: 2 Theory, 2 Practical Study of microorganisms in food, food spoilage, and safety. Laboratory work includes food sample analysis and contamination detection.
  7. SBM807 – Research Project Units: 2 | Hours/Week: 2 Practical Continuation and completion of the independent research project, culminating in a written thesis and oral presentation.

Admissions

The Department of Biology offers two types of study options for prospective students, ensuring accessibility and flexibility based on individual circumstances:

 
  1. Zankoline (government-funded) Study
  • Description: This option provides free tuition for students who meet the eligibility criteria and are accepted through the general centralized admission system, known as "Zancoline."
  • Eligibility:
    • Applicants must meet the academic requirements of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
    • Selection is competitive and based on high school scores, particularly in scientific subjects.
  • Benefits:
    • Exemption from tuition fees.
    • Access to complete university services and facilities.
  1. Parallel Study (Self-Funded)
  • Description: This option allows students who do not secure a Zankoline seat to pursue their studies by paying a tuition fee.
  • Tuition Fee: 3,000,000 IQD per year.
  • Eligibility:
    • Students must meet the minimum academic requirements for admission to the Biology program.
    • This option provides additional opportunities for students to catch up on the Zankoline criteria.
  • Benefits:
    • Access to the same high-quality education, resources, and facilities as Zancoline students.
    • Students can pursue their academic goals without being limited by centralized admission quotas.
 

Admission Requirements for Both Tracks

  1. Academic Qualifications:
    • Completion of high school with a focus on the science track (biology, chemistry, and physics).
    • Minimum GPA as determined by the Ministry of Higher Education.
  2. Application Process:
    • Apply through the centralized admission system for Zankoline
    • Submit required documents, including transcripts, identification, and certificates.
  3. Language Proficiency:
    • Basic proficiency in English, as several courses are delivered in English.
    • Kurdish language proficiency is also beneficial.

Graduate Employability

The Department of Biology is committed to equipping graduates at all levels, “Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate,” with the knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary to thrive in diverse career paths. Our graduates are well-prepared for opportunities in academia, industry, government, and beyond, with a focus on contributing to scientific advancement and societal development.

  1. Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Biology

    2. Graduates of the B.Sc. program possess foundational knowledge and practical skills that open doors to a variety of career opportunities:

    Career Paths:
    1. Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories: Assisting in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and health promotion.
    2. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies: Roles in research, quality control, and production.
    3. Environmental and Conservation Organizations: Contributing to biodiversity, ecological management, and sustainability projects.
    4. Quality Control and Food Safety: Ensuring compliance with safety standards in food production and industrial processes.
    5. Education: Teaching biology at secondary schools or training centers.
    6. Government and NGOs: Roles in health departments, environmental agencies, or research initiatives.
    Skills for Employability:
    • Laboratory competency with modern techniques and tools.
    • Analytical and problem-solving abilities for addressing biological challenges.
    • Effective communication for scientific and public engagement.
  2. Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Biology

    3. M.Sc. graduates are highly sought after for specialized roles requiring advanced expertise and research experience:

    Career Paths:
    1. Research Institutions: Conducting applied or fundamental research in biology.
    2. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries: Leading roles in research and development, drug discovery, and genetic engineering.
    3. Higher Education: Teaching at universities or supervising undergraduate research.
    4. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratories: Developing and applying advanced diagnostic tools and techniques.
    5. Environmental Agencies: Leading conservation projects or conducting environmental impact assessments.
    6. Science Communication: Working in scientific publishing, journalism, or outreach programs.
    Skills for Employability:
    • Advanced problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.
    • Proficiency in designing, conducting, and analyzing research.
    • Ability to lead projects and collaborate across disciplines.
  3. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biology

    4. Ph.D. graduates are distinguished by their expertise, critical thinking, and capacity for innovation. They are well-prepared to take on academia, research, and industry leadership roles.

    Career Paths:
    1. Academia: Professorships, research supervision, and curriculum development.
    2. Industry Leadership: Roles as senior scientists or directors in biotech, pharmaceutical, and biomedical companies.
    3. Government and Policy: Shaping health, environment, and education policies.
    4. Research Institutions: Leading cutting-edge research projects with significant societal impact.
    5. Global Organizations: Contributing to international health, conservation, or scientific initiatives (e.g., WHO, UNESCO).
    6. Entrepreneurship: Founding biotech startups or consulting firms.
    Skills for Employability:
    • Mastery of specialized research techniques and methodologies.
    • Ability to publish high-impact scientific findings.
    • Leadership in interdisciplinary and collaborative projects.
    • Strategic thinking for problem-solving at organizational and societal levels.
Research Titles:
  • M. Salman, M. Hafiz, and A. Muhammad, A Novel Approach to investigate the Stability Analysis and the Dynamics of  Reaction-Diffusion SVIR Epidemic Model. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 126 (2023) 107517.
  • Muhammad and F. Shareef, A numerical investigation of q-numerical range of operator matrices. Far East Journal of mathematical science 125 (2020), 1-33.
  • Muhammad and F. Shareef, Computing the q-numerical range of differential operators, Journal of Applied Mathematics Volume 2020, Article ID 6584805, 12 pages, (2020).
  • Muhammad and M. Marletta, A numerical investigation of the quadratic numerical range of  Hain-Lust operator. International Journal of Computer Mathematics 90 (2013), 2431-2451.
  • Muhammad and M. Marletta, Approximation of quadratic numerical range of  block operator matrices. Integral Equation and Operator Theory  74 (2012), 151-162.
  • Muhammad and M. Marletta, Computation of boundary of quadratic numerical range (Approved to be published).
  • Muhammad and W. Hammad, Computing  c-numerical range of differential operator, Journal of Filomat 38:77(2024), 2243-2225.
  • Muhammad and W. Jalal, A numerical investigation of the c-numerical range of differential operator. Bulletin of Iranian Mathematical Society 45 (2019), 1755-1775.
  • Muhammad, B. Azeez, and F. Taheri, Computing the S-numerical range of differential Operators, Journal of Operator and Matrices 17 (2023), 583-598.
  • Muhammad, Elliptical Range of an n-tuple operators on a complex Hilbert space, Zanco, The Scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, Vol.17  No.1  (2005), p. 113-117
  • Muhammad, Joint Numerical Range of matrix polynomials. Al-Rafiden Journal of Computer Science and Mathematics, Vol.6  No.2  (2009), p.129-136.
  • Muhammad, The line segment on the boundary of Numerical range, Zanco, The Scientific Journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, Vol.17  No.1  (2005), p.105-111.
  • Muhammad, The Numerical range of 6 by 6 Irreducible matrix, Al-Rafiden Journal of Computer Science and Mathematics, Vol.4  No.2  (2007), p.89-98.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Barzan R. Ahmed, On g-regular rings related with some types of rings, First International Conference of Natural Science (ICNS 2016) from 11th – 12th July 2016, 2016.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Chenar A. K., Ahmed, Skew reflexive property with maximal  ideal axes, , Zanco J. of Pure and Applied Sciences, 29(3), 78-88, 2017.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Lavan D. Mustafa, On strongly g-regular rings and strongly commuting g-regular rings, 2nd International Conference of the college of Education at the University of Garmiyan is Aiming to Toward Further Progress in the Science of Mathematics (Theoretical and Practical).
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Raida D. Mahmood, Generalized SF-rings, Tikrit J. of Pure Science, 13(1), 185-188, 2008.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Raida D. Mahmood, On GP-injectivity with some types of rings, J. of Education and Science, 19(2), 57-63, 2007.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Raida D. Mahmood, On rings whose simple singular R-modules are flat, Raf. J. of Com. & Maths., 7(1), 51-57, 2010.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Raida D. Mahmood, On st-weakly regular rings, Raf. J. of Com. & Maths., 5(2), 39-46, 2008.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Raida D. Mahmood, On weakly t-regular rings, Jordan Journal of Applied Science, 10(1), 51-58, 2008.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Raida D. Mahmood, st-weakly regular rings, Raf. J. of Com. & Maths., 4(1), 25-32, 2007.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Shayda Sh. Ahmad, P(θ, s)-Continuous and Pθs-Continuous Functions Related With Some Types of Continuity and Openness, 6th International Conference and Workshop on Basic and Applied Sciences (ICOWBAS 2017), AIP Conference Proceedings 1888, 020003 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004280, 2017.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, aqs-continuous functions, J.Dohuk, Univ., 6(1), 83-89, 2003.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, A generalization of a contra pre semi-open maps, Raf. J. of Com. & Maths., 3(2), 59-68, 2006.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, A New Generalization of s-Weakly Regular Rings, General Mathematics Notes, 27(2), 92-106, 2015.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, A new strong form of slightly semi-continuous functions, Pre-submit.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Almost gs-Weakly Regular Rings, Pre-submit.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, alpha theta-Open Sets and alpha-Closed Spaces, J. of Zankoy Garmiyan, Vol. 1, 48-60, 2015.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, CGP-Injectivity and Strongly CGP-Injectivity, J. Dohuk, Univ.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Characterizations and Properties of Generalized SSF-Rings, Pre-submit.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Characterizations and Properties of gs-Weakly Regular Rings. Accepted, Zanco, J. of Pure and Applied Sciences Salahaddin University-Hawler, 2018.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Chenar A. K., Ahmed, T. K. Kwak and Y. Lee., Commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero, , Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society, 32(4), 811-826, 2017.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Chenar A. K., Ahmed, T. K. Kwak and Y. Lee., Reflexivity with maximal ideal axes, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00927872.2016.1222398, Communications in Algebra, which is a member of Thomson Routers, Vol. 45, Issue 10,  1-14, 2017.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Chenar A. K., Ahmed, T. K. Kwak and Y. Lee., Zero commutativity of nilpotent elements skewed by ring endomorphism, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00927872.2017.1287267, Communications in Algebra, which is a member of Thomson Routers, Vol. 45, Issue 11,  1-15, 2017.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, JCGP-Injective Rings With Some Types of Rings, J. of Zankoy Sulaimani(JZS) (PART A), 17(1), 17-25, 2015.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On  a-strongly q-continuity, aq-openness and (a,q)-closed graphs in topological spaces, Raf. J. of Com. & Maths., 4(1), 41-56, 2007.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On t-biregular rings and generalized b-injective modules, Zanco, J. of Pure and Applied Sciences, Salahaddin University-Hawler, 21(1), 37-45, 2009.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On g-regular rings and generalized g-regular rings, J. Dohuk, Univ.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On generalizations of regular rings, J. Dohuk, Univ.(Pure and Eng. Sciences), 14(1), 100-105, 2011.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On Generalized Flatness and Generalized SF-Rings, J. of Zankoy Sulaimani(JZS)(PART A), 17(2), 155-166, 2015.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On Generalized SSF-Rings, Pre-submit.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On Simple Singular AGP-Injective Modules and AGP-Injective Rings with Some Types of Regular Rings, J. of Zankoy Sulaimani(JZS) (PART A), 17(4), 51-62, 2015.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, P(θ, s)-Continuous Related with Some Types of Continuity and Openness, Pre-submit.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Rings over which certain modules are YJ-Injective, J. of Kirkuk University-Scientific Studies, 4(1), 59-69, 2009.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Some strong forms of semiseparated sets and semidisconnected spaces, General Mathematics Notes, 12(2), 24-31, 2012.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Topological property of q-semi-open sets, International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 13(2), 7-15, 2012.
  • Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Two strong forms of semi-regular and semi-normal spaces, Zanco, J. of Pure and Applied Sciences SalahaddinUniversity-Hawler, 22(Special Issue), 108-113, 2010.
  • Adil Kadir Jabbar Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar and Payman Mahmood Hamaali,  On Locally S −prime and Locally S −Primary Submodules, Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences, 27 (3), 165-177, 2019.
  • Ahmed Muhammad and Hardi Nabe,  Advanced Calculus, Salahaddin University Press, Salahaddin 2023.  ISBN: 978-9922-21-430-6
  • Akray, Adil K. Jabbar and Shadan A. Othman, Graded n−absorbing I−ideals, Palestine Journal of Mathematics, Vol 13(1)(2024), 201–213.
  • Alias B. Khalaf and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, qs-Open functions, J. Dohuk, Univ., 5(2), 106-110, 2002.
  • Alias B. Khalaf and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Almost qs-continuity and weak qs-continuity in topological spaces, J. Dohuk, Univ., 4(2), 171-177, 2001.
  • Alias B. Khalaf and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Functions with qs-closed graphs, J. Dohuk, Univ., 6(1), 79-82, 2003.
  • Alias B. Khalaf and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On qs-continuous functions, J. Dohuk, Univ., 7(1), 35-38, 2004.
  • Alias B. Khalaf and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Properties of some strong types of separation axioms in topological spaces, J. Dohuk, Univ., 2004.
  • Aween Karim, Azad Amen, Waleed Aziz. Integrability and Center Analysis of a Family of Lotka–Volterra Three-Species Biological System. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences (2025) 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.11074
  • Aween Karim, Waleed Aziz, Azad Amen. Local Integrability and Linearizability for Three Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Cubic Systems. Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-024-01186-7
  • Azad Ameen and Waleed Aziz. Qualitative analysis for general Sel’kov model. AIP Conference Proceedings 2096, 020012 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5097809.
  • Azeez and A. Muhammad, Some results on S-numerical range of operator matrices. Zanko Journal of Pure and Applied Science 32 (2020), 57-63.
  • Bapir, S.A., Manmi, K.M., Saeed, R.K. and Dadvand, A., 2024. Oscillation of an ultrasonically driven gas bubble in an asymmetric confined domain. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 265, p.108861.
  • Bushra N. Abdul-Ghaphur and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On tg-regular rings, Zanco, J. of Pure and Applied Sciences SalahaddinUniversity-Hawler, 22(6), 29-38, 2010.
  • Chiman Qadir, Ibrahim Hamad and Waleed Aziz. Existence Canard Solutions for Four Dimensional Hindmarsh-Rose Model with Respect to Infinitesimal Parameter.  Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.36.2.9
  • Chiman Qadir, Waleed Aziz, Ibrahim Hamad. Non-existence of polynomial first integrals of a family of three dimensional differential systems. Palestine Journal of Mathematics Vol. 12 (Special Issue I)(2023) , 59–72.
  • Chiman Qadir, Waleed Aziz, Ibrahim Hamad. Rank two integral aspects of three dimensional Lotka-Volterra equations with nonstandard analysis. Differ Equ Dyn Syst (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-023-00664-9
  • Christopher, C., Hussein, W.M. and Wang, Z., (2016). On the Integrability of Lotka–Volterra Equations: An Update. In Mathematical Sciences with Multidisciplinary Applications: In Honor of Professor Christiane Rousseau. And In Recognition of the Mathematics for Planet Earth Initiative (pp. 79-89). Springer International Publishing.
  • Dana A. Mohammedameen, Kawa M.A. Manmi, Waleed H. Aziz. Modelling Radial Oscillations of a Bubble in a Spherical Liquid-Filled Elastic Solid. ZJPAS (2022), 34(6);20-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.34.6.3.
  • Dana A. Mohammedameen, Kawa M.A. Manmi, Waleed H. Aziz. Modelling Radial Oscillations of a Bubble in a Spherical Liquid-Filled Elastic Solid. ZJPAS (2022), 34(6);20-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.34.6.3.
  • Evan Sulaiman, Azad Amen, Waleed Aziz. Integrability of Forest-Pest model. Rend. Istit. Mat. Univ. Trieste Vol. 55 (2023), Art. No. 3, 27 pages. DOI: 10.13137/2464-8728/35484.
  • Ferman A. Ahmed and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Nil-Morphic rings and Nil-Injective rings as trivial extensions, Submitted.
  • Ferman A. Ahmed and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On Characterizations and Properties of Nil-injective Rings and Modules, 8th International Conference and Workshop on Basic and Applied Sciences (ICOWOBAS) 2021, AIP Conference (Scopus), 2021.
  • Ferman A. Ahmed and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, On np-Injective rings and modules,  International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 2023, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp 3149-3159.
  • Ferman A. Ahmed and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Some Generalizations of Morphic Rings, Submitted.
  • Ferman A. Ahmed and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Some results on nil-injective rings, Bas. J. Sci., 42 (1), 1-12, 2024.
  • B. Navalagi and Abdullah M. Abdul-Jabbar, Some remarks on completely a-irresolute functions, International J. of Mathematical Sciences, 5(1), 1-8, 2006.
  • Haider A.majeed, Jabar S. Hassan, and Ghassan E.ARIF. (2023). Stability, Error Estimate and Approximation of Solutions of Non-linear System Integral Equations in Direct Sum of Hilbert Space. Minar International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 24-33.
  • Hassan, J. S. (2010). An Approximate Method to Solve Cauchy-Type Singular Integral Equations. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 32-35.
  • Hassan, J. S. (2025). Existence and Uniqueness Results for Nonlinear Integral Operators in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. Bull Math Anal Appl., 54-64.
  • Hassan, J. S. (2025). Existence of Solutions for a General Class of Nonlinear Fractional Integral Operators. Miskolc Mathematical Notes, 1-9.
  • Hussein, W.M.A. and Christopher, C., (2017). A Geometric Investigation of the Invariant Algebraic Curves in Two Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Systems. Mathematics in Computer Science, 11, pp.269-283.
  • Ibrahim Othman Hamad, Sebar Haji jumha. (2016) "On Some Types of Functions in Nonstandard Analysis", Science Journal of University of Zakho: Vol. 4(A), No.2, P 253-257.‏
  • Jabar S. Hassan and David Grow. (2020). New Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces on Semi-Infinite Domains with Existence and Uniqueness Results for the Nonhomogeneous Telegraph Equation. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences,, 9615-9636.
  • Jabar S. Hassan and David Grow. (2021). Stability and Approximation of Solutions in New Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces on a Semi-Infinite Domain. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 12442-12452.
  • Jabar S. Hassan, Majeed, Haider and Arif, Ghassan E. (2022). System of Non-linear Volterra Integral Equations in a Direct-Sum of Hilbert Spaces. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 1-5.
  • Jabar S. Hassan, R. R. (2023). Approximati of Solutions of 2D Non-linear Integral Equations in a Binary Hilbert Space. Minar International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 49-58.
  • Jawzal N. and Omar, R. (2020). The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study. ZANCO Journal of Humanity Sciences (JAHS), Volume 24 (3) 315-324.
  • Jumha, Sebar H.; Hamad, Ibrahim O.; and Hassan, Ala O. (2024) "Cantor Set from a Nonstandard Viewpoint,"   Polytechnic Journal: Vol. 14: Iss. 1, Article 12.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.59341/2707-7799.1830 wet.
  • Jabbar and H. S. Hussain I. Akray. S. A. Othman, Graded I-prime Submodule, Journal of Algebraic Systems 10 (2), 225-243.
  • Kareem, M., Omar, R. and Ghazi, A. (2018). Narratology: Applying Simpson’s Modality in Kafka’s The Judgement. Scientific Journal of Cihan University-Erbil, Volume 2 (1) 91-99.
  • Adam, A. Aretaki and A. Muhammad, Approximation of numerical range of polynomial operators. Journal of Operator  and Matrices 15      (2021), 1073-1087.
  • Omar, R. and Jawzal, N. (2021). English Lexical Enrichment: Methods and their frequency/productivity in 1785, 1885, and 1985. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, Volume 10 (1) 28-35.
  • Omar, R. and Muhammad, H. (2023). Linguistic Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in English and Kurdish Political Speeches. ZANCO Journal of Humanity Sciences (JAHS), Volume 27 (4) 322-332.
  • Omar, R. and Muhammad, H. (2023). Metaphor Identification Procedure and Its Application in Kurdish Political Speeches. Qalaai Zanist Journal, Volume 8 (4) 1230-1258.
  • Omar, R., (2017). Problems and Strategies of Translating Gogol’s Шинель (Shinel) from Russian and English Versions into Kurdish. Journal of Raparin University, Volume 4 (11) 25-32.
  • A. Hummadi and Osman S. A., Smarandache idempotents in certain type of group rings, journal of Sulaymania University, Vo 13, No.1, (2010).
  • PAHSA Osman, Smarandache ring and Smarandache elements, Al-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematiccs 10 (4), 61-69.
  • Qadir, C., Aziz, W. and Hamad, I., 2023. NON–EXISTENCE OF POLYNOMIAL FIRST INTEGRALS Of A FAMILY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS. Palestine Journal of Mathematics, 12.
  • Qadir, C., Aziz, W. and Hamad, I., 2023. Rank Two Integral Aspects of Three Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Equations with Nonstandard Analysis. Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, pp.1-27.
  • Qadir, C., Hamad, I. and Aziz, W., 2023. Existence Canard Solutions For Four Dimensional Hindmarsh-Rose Model with Respect to Infinitesimal Parameter. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(2), pp.96-106.
  • Rostam K. Saeed and Jabar S. Hassan. (2014). Solving Singular Integral Equations by Using Collocation Method. Mathematical Sciences Letters, 185.
  • Saeed, B. and Omar, R. (2024). Linguistic Analysis of Unplanned Discourse in David Sedaris "Calypso". ZANCO Journal of Humanity Sciences (JAHS), Volume 28 (1) 172-191. https://zancojournal.su.edu.krd/index.php/JAHS/article/view/1398/656
  • H. Aziz and A. I. Amen. Multiplicity of Periodic Solutions by Word Problems, J. Zanco. Pure & Applied Scince, Salahaddin University, V 16, No.1 (2004),73-82. Azad I. Amen, Rizgar H. Salih and Waleed H. Aziz. Hopf Bifurcation Analysis for Stability Nontrivial Critical Points of the Rössler's Second System. J. of Koya University, 12 (2009).  Waleed Aziz and Colin Christopher. Local Integrability and Linearizability of Three-dimensional Lotka–Volterra Systems. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation, 219 (2012), 4067-4081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2012.10.051.
  • Jalal and A. Muhammad, Elliptic numerical range of matrices. International mathematical Forum 15 (2020), 293-315.
  • Waleed Aziz and Colin Christopher. Liouvillian integrability of three dimensional vector fields. In preparation.
  • Waleed Aziz and Colin Christopher. On the integrability of some three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra equations with rank-1 resonances. Publicacions Matemàtiques. Volume EXTRA (2014), 37-48. DOI: 10.5565/PUBLMAT_Extra14_02
  • Waleed Aziz, Azad Ameen & Chara Pantazi. Integrability and linearizability of a family of three-dimensional quadratic systems. Dynamical Systems, An International Journal (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/14689367.2021.1893661
  • Waleed Aziz, Colin Christopher, Chara Pantazi and Sebastian Walcher. The monodromy method and integrability of three dimensional vector fields of Lotka–Volterra type. Submitted to Advances in Mathematics.
  • Waleed Aziz, Colin Christopher, Jaume Llibre and Chara Pantazi. Local Analytic First Integrals of Three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra systems with 3:-1:2–Resonance. Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics (2021) 18:167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00009-021-01809-2.
  • Waleed Aziz, Jaume Llibre and Chara Pantazi. Centers of quasi-homogeneous polynomial differential equations of degree three. Advances in Mathematics, Volume 254, 2014, 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2013.12.006.
  • Waleed Aziz. Integrability and Linearizability of three Dimensional Vector Fields. Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2014, 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-014-0113-0.
  • Waleed Aziz. Integrability and Linearizability Problems of Three Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Equations of Rank-2. Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems (2019) 18:1113–1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-019-00329-5.
  • Waleed Aziz. Local first integrals of four dimensional Lotka–Volterra systems. Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo Series 2 (2025) 74:96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12215-025-01214-8
  • Wuria M.A. Hussein., (2006). On (ti , tj)-gsh-closed, SH(ti , tj) − sk -Continuous Functions and Tgsh- Spaces in Bitoplogical Spaces. Al-Mustansiriya Journal, 17 (2).
  • Wuria M.A. Hussein., (2007). Strongly Preopen Sets, d-Open Sets and their Continuous Functions in Bitoplogical Spaces. Al-Mustansiriya Journal, 18 (3).
Theses and Dissertation Titles:
  • Chiman M.Qadir. (2010). Stability of Bifurcation periodic solutions of Tobin Benhabib-Miyao system.
  • Mohammedameen, D. A. (2022). Modelling Spherical Bubble Oscillations at Infinite Fluid and in an Elastic Solid, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.
  • Omar, R. Y. (2013). Lexical Innovation in Sorani Kurdish: Methods and frequencies (Unpublished master's dissertation). Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
  • Omar, R. Y. (2023). Conceptual Metaphor in English and Kurdish Political Speeches (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.
  • Qadir, C., Hamad. (2023) .Integrability and Canard Solutions of Polynomial Vector Field.
  • Sebar Haji Jumha. (2016) "On Some Types of Functions in Nonstandard Analysis" College of Science department of mathematics, University of sallahaddin.
  • Wuria Muhammad Ameen, H. (2002). Application of generalized preopen sets in bitopological spaces. MSc thesis, University of Salahaddin, KRG, Iraq.
  • Wuria Muhammad Ameen, H. )2016(. Invariant algebraic surfaces in three-dimensional vector fields. PhD thesis, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Sample Description
Sample Description
Sample Description

Academic Advising

Academic advising in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Health plays a critical role in guiding students through their educational journey, helping them make informed decisions about courses of study, research opportunities, career paths, and professional development.

Also is essential to student success, providing a structured path for academic growth, engagement in research, and professional development. Through personalized advising, students gain the knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to become environmental and public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers.

 

Internship Opportunities

Environmental science and health internships provide students with hands-on experience, helping them apply theoretical knowledge to real-world environmental and public health challenges. These opportunities enhance practical skills, build professional networks, and prepare students for careers in research, policy, sustainability, and industry.

  1. Types of Internships
    • Government and Public Sector Internships
    • Research and Laboratory Internships
    • NGO and Community Internships
    • Corporate and Sustainability Internships
    • Healthcare and Public Health Internships
  2. Benefits of Internships
    • Gain practical experience in environmental monitoring and implementing sustainability policies and practices.
    • Build professional networks with scientists, policymakers, and industry leaders.
    • Improve technical skills such as geospatial mapping, laboratory testing, and statistical analysis.
    • Enhance problem-solving abilities by working on real-world environmental health issues.
    • Enhance career readiness for roles in research, government, NGOs, or industry.
  3. How to Find Internships
    • University Career Centers: Contact faculty advisors and career services for available positions.
    • Government websites: Check agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency, the World Health Organization, and local environmental departments.
    • Nongovernmental organizations and nonprofits: Explore global and local NGOs working on environmental and public health issues.
    • Business-industry partnerships: Look for sustainability initiatives from large corporations and consulting firms.
    • Online job portals: Use platforms like LinkedIn, Indeed, and environmental job boards to find relevant internships.
 

Career Services

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health Career Services supports students and graduates in building successful careers in environmental research, public health, sustainability, and related fields. These services provide career counseling, placement assistance, professional development, and networking opportunities.

  1. Career counseling and guidance
  2. Resume, cover letter, and interview preparation
  3. Internship and placement assistance
  4. Career development and networking
  5. Graduate and certificate orientation
  6. Entrepreneurship and research opportunities

The Department of Environmental Sciences and Health Career Services helps students transition from academic to professional by providing essential tools, resources, and networking opportunities. These services ensure that graduates are well prepared to contribute to environmental sustainability, public health, and policymaking in a wide range of industries.

[email protected]