Abstract
Pyrazole moiety are effective compounds for their biological and pharmacological activity. In the present study, a series of novel pyrazole derivatives 82(a-h) were synthesized via a green, efficient, environmentally friendly, and rapid protocol using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a catalyst. DES was prepared by using (urea: zinc chloride, 3.5:1) as a liquid mixture between Lewis’s acid (HBA) and Bronsted base (HBD) through hydrogen bonding, and it has been recovered from the system and reused for up to seven times. Their computational study was performed by molecular characteristics, B3LYP/6-31G (d,p)-TD-DFT basis set, quantum parameter, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of synthesized compound were computed by performing Density Functional Theory (DFT). However, molecular docking studies were used for the compound against the protein receptor (ID Code: 5UL8, 1HSK, and 4YDE) to investigate the energy of synthesized products with the bacterial protein and binding type, to compare the theoretical result that achieve by MOE with practical antimicrobial activity against (K. Pneumoniae, S. aureus, and C. albicans), respectively.
Also, different organic solvents (ethanol, DMSO, DMF, chloroform, and n-hexane) were utilized for the investigation of solvatochromic shift in the UV-visible absorption range to find changes in λmax practically. The novel synthesized compounds were fully characterized through utilizing (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectroscopy, DEPT-135, and CHNS analysis). All the products were tested for their bioactivity including antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the synthesized product resulting the excellent activity against K. Pneumonia specifically compound 82(f-h) resulted in zone (35±0.50, 36±1.00, and 35±1.00) respectively, and all synthesized compounds provide the minimum inhibitory concentration at lowest concentration except 82h the value at 1500 ppm. However, the 82a product is showing the lower IC50 in comparison to the standard ascorbic acid (5.766±0.058).
In conclusion, this work focused on DES as a green media in modern chemistry, supporting the development and synthesis of pyrazole-based derivatives as antimicrobial and antioxidant.
